Language planning in south africa free essay sample

Language policy and planning in South Africa must be seen within the context of the countrys sociolinguistic complexity and the relationship between language and a number of serious problems in the country. South Africas sociolinguistic complexity is a function of a number of factors: 1) a multiplicity of languages and cultures; 2) the overlapping demographical and geographical distribution of the countrys major languages; and 3) the politicization of these languages and cultures due to both the colonial past and the policy of apartheid, and the differentiated linguistic manifestation of their politicization (Webb,1994). South Africa is one of the few countries in the world, and the only country in Africa, which has seen, during the 20th Century, the development of a language from one which had no governmental recognition, and existed largely in spoken form, to one in which substantial parts of the government, the national economy, and higher education were run. We will write a custom essay sample on Language planning in south africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The population of South Africa is not only multiracial but it is also multilingual. It is estimated that about 25 languages are spoken within South Africa’s borders (Mesthrei, 2006). Historical Background In 1924, Afrikaans, a relatively new, hybridized language in use for only about eight years at the time, became one of the official languages of South Africa. Prior to 1924, English was the only official language in South Africa. In 1948, the infamous policy of apartheid became the law of the land in South Africa (De Kadt, 2006). The apartheid ideology called for the division of South Africas people according to their racial/ ethnic group affiliation and geographic residence. As South Africans were increasingly and systematically separated from each other, the apartheid-based idea of nationalism based on language was also promoted. By stressing language and cultural differences among the nations Black population, which includes members of African ethnic groups, persons of mixed race (Coloreds), and immigrants from India, and physically segregating them on the basis of race/ethnicity, the apartheid regime encouraged tribalism and petty factional conflicts. Prior to the 1994 elections, the language of instruction in South Africas schools for English, Afrikaner, Colored, and Indian students was either English or Afrikaans (the two former official languages), with the other official language studied as a subject. African students, however, were instructed in their home or ethnic African languages for the first four years and then allowed to switch to either English or Afrikaans. Of the two, English was almost always the preferred language. In 1976, the South African government passed a ruling to make Afrikaans the second language of instruction in the African schools (De Kadt, 2006). Seventy years after the language of Afrikaans was first granted official status (in 1924), South Africa set off on another unique linguistic journey. This time, in 1994, the country became the location of an effort to develop, simultaneously, nine indigenous African languages, granting all nine, along with English and Afrikaans, equal status (that is, official language status) and proclaiming that education and governmental documentation would be available in all. Those nine indigenous languages include Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Tswana, South Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda and Ndebele. These were chosen because the majority of South Africans, probably more than 98%, use one of these languages as their home language or first language. Currently, English is the most visible and audible language at governmental functions, political rallies, administration, and the upper echelons of business and education. On the other hand, Afrikaans and African languages are very much alive on individual radio stations, in music, some newspapers (chiefly Afrikaans, Zulu, and Xhosa), primary education, and, to a lesser extent, on television (Mesthrei, 2006). I feel that the policy of making 9 languages the official languages of South Africa would progress very slowly as it is faced by several issues. Firstly, the cost and complexity of developing nine languages at once far outscales the costs and difficulties faced by the government in 1924 when making Afrikaans one of the official languages. For example, translation of all the government documents, forms and circulars to 11 official languages is an enormous burden that can barely be carried. Also, there is a great difference between the case of Afrikaans and that of the 9 indigenous languages. The political pressures on the government were very different between both cases. In the historical case (of Afrikaans), the governmental recognition of the language was driven by the existence of a politically significant language community. Whereas, in case of the 9 indigenous languages, it was driven by a demand for equality rather than a demand for language development. The political insignificance of these language communities, I believe, is what inhibits the development of the 9 indigenous languages to the level of English and Afrikaans.

Guide on Business Studies Essay Writing Write Extensively and Neatly

Guide on Business Studies Essay Writing Write Extensively and Neatly Business matters is a central pillar of today’s globalized society a person has to solve various issues and make decisions. With the economic progress, the importance of knowledge on Business has become much more crucial in relation to the past era. This is a digital era, and the presence of top 10 richest companies in the world in 2018 means that people are interested in studying Business from all angles. Business Studies is a subject that involves knowledge from different fields like Sociology, Political Science, Psychology, Mathematics, Statistics, and Law. Sounds difficult to get a grasp on all these aspects in a written form? This article is designed to improve your Business Studies essay writing skills immensely. In what way? You just read all the information given here, then you’ll know all ins and outs of Business Studies essay writing. The List of 10 Business Topics from Our Business Studies Experts To be excellent in essay writing on Business, you should be aware of topics that will guarantee you success. How to choose effective business topics? It’s a childs play. What does every child choose to play with? Anything that interests you. Within Business Studies, there is a variety of topics you can write an essay on. Find anything that is interesting to you personally. Even if you are more interested in a topic than the others (for example, your professor), it isn’t the worst way of starting to protect your interests as a potential researcher. Moreover, you will be able to reveal your own potential more if a topic is an area of your interest than you’ll try to work on a particular topic chosen by your instructor’s restriction. Anything that leads to significant discoveries. If your efforts to write a good business essay don’t pay any dividends, will you be totally satisfied? Moreover, neither you or your educator wouldn’t be glad to achieve the common results that got by someone from another university previously. You should explore a business topic that will cross new boundaries in the area. Going to work on the topic, ‘The Amount of Apple’s Business: Its Long-Term or Short-Term Evaluation’? Think twice whether you will be able to open new findings as the most are written about the success of this really outstanding company. Anything that is insightful. As every researcher needs to establish himself/herself as a scientist of great insight and creativity, you should stick to the same strategy give insight into your Business topic area on a full scale. Show in your Business essay writing that you understand a topic is really like. For that reason, you need to distinguish between broad and narrow essay topics. Compare the following topics: ‘Business in the 21st Century’ and ‘The Features of Business Development in the 21st Century: Its Weaknesses at Every Stage’. Find a general topic? So, don’t forget to include the information that will make your essay topic more specific and provide you with a clue of what and how to write. For a field like business, the following 10 essay topics correspond to the criteria and even more. Just look at them, and choose anything new, interesting and educational for yourself. The Value on Leadership or Other Qualitative Aspects of a Business Company; 10 Remedies for the Breach of Contract: How Are They Effective for Business Today; Global Economic Activities: Their Impact on Running a Small and Large Business Company; Top 12 Business Models Existing Today: The Perspectives of Their Further Usage; 7 Individual’s Actions Applied to Business Ethics and Unethical Business Practices; Business Policy Makers: Who Works in the Field of Business Management and Entrepreneurship; Strategic Decisions in a Fast-Growing and Networked World: Determinants and Effects; What Should Every Entrepreneur Know about a Startup Algorithm?; The Sources of Motivation Among Business Workers: Material Support or Words of Encouragement; The Nature of Business Competition: What Makes Customers Decide? The Detailed Business Essay Writing Guide Based on the ‘Empire-Building’ Dealing with Business Studies, you can’t go without such a concept as ‘empire-building’. According to Investopedia, it is an attempt to increase the individual’s or corporations power and influence. Let’s imagine you are an ‘empire builder’ of your business essay you’ll intend to grow your business essay’s power. What should you do in such a responsible role? Firstly, you’d better divide the whole writing process into segments pre-writing, writing, and post-writing. Secondly, you should take into consideration all our business studies essay tips at each writing stage. Thirdly, you can make practice your essay writing by trying to write as many essays as possible according to business essays written by our professionals. 3 Pre-Writing Tips Being at the prewriting stage, you come up with some ideas for an essay before you begin writing. You will find it easier to write a business studies essay if you: Brainstorm. This word literally contains 2 words ‘brain’ and ‘storm’. It means that you need to cause a storm for your brain. Get all your thoughts and ideas out of your head. Sometimes, you can be at loss of giving fresh ideas. Therefore, it is no shame if you address someone’s works to develop your own brilliant ideas by adding a few details. Freewrite. Now, it’s time to get all your thoughts out on paper in full. Freewriting is similar to brainstorming, but you expand all the points with the help of new details. Writing complete sentences doesn’t mean to pay too much attention to grammar, punctuation, and the like everything that can distract your concentration should be far from your mind while freewriting. Use mind mapping. There is such a useful technique for extremely visual learners. According to the Forbes’ article, there are some variations in the speed and manner of how people learn new information. But we all obtain more information through our eyes than in any other way. A mind mapping diagram has a central word in a circle, with all associated words around. 4 Writing Tips for Business Studies Essay Now that you have chosen a business topic and gathered the essay ideas, you must start writing it. Keep in mind that college/university essays are more formulaic than you might think. In fact, it can be as simple as twice two makes four only if you follow all our tips. Create a thesis statement. What is the point of your business essay? Look at your outline or diagram and answer this question. Include a topic and point of an essay in a thesis statement. For example, if you were writing about the leadership styles and their impact on business performance, an appropriate thesis statement would be, â€Å"The leadership styles affect the business performance either positively or negatively according to the individual strategic vision.† Write a body of an essay. The main part of your essay is aimed at analyzing, arguing, explaining or describing your topic depending on the type of essay you write. Develop an introduction. When the thesis and body of your essay are written, it is much easier to write an introduction as you need to show the focus of the whole essay in several sentences. Write the information that ties in with your thesis statement, which will be included as the last sentence of your introduction. Conclude your essay logically. Eventually, you’ve come to the closure of your essay topic. Sum up the ideas mentioned in the business essay in 4-5 strong sentences without presenting any new information. In this way, you are supposed to reinforce your thesis statement with the help of essential conclusions. 2 Post-Writing Tips Polish your written essay. Remember that good essay writing does not happen by accident. Even if you are an experienced author of many pieces of writing, you are recommended to look through your business essay again and again. You should be 100% sure that it is worth to be submitted. What to pay attention to? Fix a format of essay writing. In your initial essay instructions, every educator states in what format is required to write APA, MLA, Harvard, etc. Your task is to edit your business essay by taking into consideration some stylistic peculiarities. The differences start appearing at the beginning when you need to deal with a title page, then a bibliography page and so on. Moreover, the correct citing sources of information in the body of your essay is a very important aspect of academic writing. Therefore, you defend yourself against allegations of plagiarism. Besides, there are some academic formatting conventions so that every reader can identify the materials that lead to some particular conclusions. If you find this article useful for your own business essay writing, our professional team is glad. If you feel uncertain about some points, it will be better to apply our essay writing service. Our skilled writers will be happy to help you.

Why making a lot of money won’t necessarily make you happy

Why making a lot of money won’t necessarily make you happy A number that has been thrown around in recent years as the ideal salary to aim for is $75,000. Economist  Angus Deaton and psychologist  Daniel Kahneman performed a study in 2010 where they determined that it doesn’t matter now much more than this magic salary number you earn- your happiness and satisfaction levels won’t noticeably increase. Why wouldn’t earning in the six figures make life absolutely fulfilling? Well, it turns out: money isn’t everything. There are plenty of other factors that affect your life satisfaction in any given job.Here are a few reasons why salary doesn’t necessarily correlate with happiness.Career success doesn’t always mean more money.Very often what makes a person happy is the ability to do what they do well and to gain influence, recognition, and job security. Success can mean rising to manage teams or organizations, making an impact, feeling valued in a crucial role for a company, or just knowing that the future is stable. None of these happiness factors necessarily require a high salary.Experiences matter.It’s not all about earning and spending, either. Sometimes job satisfaction results from meeting daily challenges head on, or simply trying and learning new things. Jobs that are not satisfying beyond pay day will leave people who crave these more elusive factors feeling empty. Though money can help you buy things in your free time, you won’t be able to enjoy those things without any free time. A career with a punishing schedule certainly won’t allow you the time for many of the experiences outside of the office that constitute a fulfilling life.People often make the job.If you thrive on collaborative environments, client-based work, or sales teams, then a job that lacks human interaction can leave you feeling isolated no matter how much it pays. Interacting with other humans is one of those crucial things that help us to feel human, though some people require this more than others.You have to do what suits you.Similarly, if you’re a traditional person, you won’t be happy in a well paying gig that thrives on innovation and busting up the status quo. If you’re into science, tech, or data- hard facts and numbers- you won’t do well in a creative gig. If you require the freedom to be creative, you should not languish in a job that requires stifling your most genius ideas.You might thrive on doing good, not making more.If you’re an altruistic sort who really needs to make a positive difference in the world, you’d probably hate a high-power, high-paying job that doesn’t serve anything but a few corporate interests and your bank account. A job that allows you to make the world a better place will be infinitely more fulfilling than one that simply earns you a higher salary.Oversatisfaction isn’t all that great.If you deny yourself nothing and give yourself all the best of everything all the time- the best food, the finest clothes, the biggest house, the nicest travel perks, the fanciest car- then you’ll lose touch with the simpler pleasures in life. Stuff, especially nice stuff, can be a powerful addiction. But it won’t necessarily make your life a happier one. Being realistic about what is really valuable to you will help you choose the career that best suits you.Constant chasing isn’t fun.On a similar note, if your days are just spent trying to make more to be able to afford this or that,  chances are you will feel empty in the long run. Ask yourself this tough question: When will you be done and able to sit back and enjoy the fruits of your labor? If the answer is something close to â€Å"never,† it might be time to consider a career change, even if you haven’t reached your goal yet. After all, pie-in-the-sky goals will never improve your life if you are miserable during the long process of fulfilling them. Be happy now in a care er that truly satisfies you.

Thomas Cook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas Cook - Essay Example These come because of a number of reasons including the failure of a leader to accomplish his/her missions within the period he/she expected (Casserly 2013). For example, Harriet Green had expected to revive Thomas Cook within a short time and move to another organisation with similar problems (Wadlow 2014). However, despite the various achievements and success in rescuing the company from collapse, the company was still experiencing problems after two years of her service. In addition, frustrations may also emerge when a leader faces new problems than those he/she expected before joining the organisation (Andersen 2012). Most probably, the rapid changes in the nature operations of the travel industry posed problems that were beyond Green’s experience leading to frustrations. Under these conditions, a leader may decide to pave the way for another person with the characteristics required to deal with the situation. The stock exchange worth of Thomas Cook was slightly below  £2 billion throughout Harriet inexperienced time of departure compared to  £148 million once she rose to power in July 2012 (Press Association 2014). The success of Peter Fankhauser can show from his ability to additional maintain and increase the stock worth by a lot of or similar quantity among a shorter or equal length as inexperienced. Green’s quest for continued success to succeeding section of the companys development is additionally a transparent challenge to the new leader as his success and failure within the next year can base on his ability to make and maintain a powerful team. Thomas shares slided by the maximum amount as two hundredth after Ms Greens declaration and a corporate notice that growth within the current year can moderate because of harder mercantilism conditions that have notably influenced European markets (Wadlow 2014). The success and failure of Peter Fankhauser within the next year can show from his ability to

A Comment On A Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Comment On A Commitment - Essay Example A Comment On A Commitment With such extensive environmental conservation programs, the college’s president must therefore take part in the forthcoming climate commitment. Diablo Valley College will sign the commitment owing to the environmental management skills the college is likely to acquire from such as discussed in the essay below. Participating in the commitment will help position the college as an integral member of the society joining in the fight to eradicate environmental pollution thereby making the environment safer and better. At such conferences, delegates learn newer and better ways of eradicating environmental degradation besides the presentation of the projects the colleges undertake in eliminating such. The commitments present an effective opportunity for the students’ president to present the college’s green projects all of which have sought to improve the sustainability of the environment (Schlossberg 121). Global warming is a topic of global concern. The emission of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere has contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer, which is a layer of oxygen molecules that cushion the earth from the harsh rays of the sun. The depletion of the layer leaves the earth surface vulnerable to increased temperatures among other undesirable diseases as harsh rays of the sun penetrate the atmosphere. Effects of global warming include climatic change and the rising water levels as the glaciers continue to melt. Such natural phenomenon has diverse effects ranging from unique skin diseases to the rising incidences of typhoons among other natural calamities. The depletion of the ozone layer threatens both the stability of the earth and the life in the planet. It thus becomes a prerogative of the citizens to curb the emission of such harmful gases by engaging in responsive activities. Among the contributors of the gases is the use of fossil fuels such as petroleum products in propelling cars among other machines. At such environmental commitments, the leaders discuss the efforts by both the students’ fraternity and the government in order to limit the emission of such gases (Reza 31). As policy makers, stude nt leaders are influential members of the society responsible for the activities and behavior of the students while at the colleges. The leaders therefore act as the bridge between the students and the leadership of the universities. As such, their participation in the environmental commitment is paramount, as it will facilitate the spread of the message to the students thus improving their appreciation of the various projects at the universities and colleges. The Diablo Valley College just as any other institution of higher learning has hundreds of students all of who require transportation and use various substances in the society that may equally contribute to the emission of the toxic gases. They therefore require appropriate knowledge on environmental management in order to improve the desirable environmental practices. To achieve such, the college has undertaken various projects that promise such effective and desirable environmental practices (Karen and Ricardo 55). By partic ipating in the forthcoming commitment, the students, leadership will learn newer and better management practices in order to improve the success of such projects. The success of the said projects relies on the students’

Strengths and Weaknesses of Bureaucracy

Strengths and Weaknesses of Bureaucracy The advent of 21st century, the global economy has dramatically undergone changes. Developed and emerging economies are converging to one gigantic global economy; this has directly impacted the businesses compelling organisations around the world to competitive at the international level. The protection shield enjoyed by the organisations behind a closed economy earlier under the cloak of the government restricting entry for foreign players are getting slimmer each year. Consequently, organisations have to compete in their home country against MNC with vast resources, and search for opportunities elsewhere. However, there are numerous other factors which have influenced organisation world wide to reconsider their strategies in the wake of the changing global business dynamics. Free trade area agreements, creation of trading blocs such as the European Union, South East Asian countries (ASEAN) and other similar existing and ones which are still under consideration have immensely pressurized companies, and exposed them to the competition. The competitive and comparative advantages enjoyed by these organisations earlier are now threatened by the new foreign entrants. As a result to survive and grow in the 21st century most organisations either adapted or withered away to the changing conditions. The ones which survived the strong wave of forced adaption have learned their lessons that change is a constant factor in the global business environment, and being reflexive and adaptive is the only way out. Technological innovation is another aspect that has influenced change in the organisation. Technology is evolving at a rapid pace warranting organisation to absorb the changes at the same speed. Other influential factors : Intensity of international competition; presence of key competitors in all key international markets; internationalization of product standards; stronger push by international bodies such as the world Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF) increasing level of international trade between countries ; increase in Intra-firm trade ; Technological intensity. At the organizational level, there is continuous pressure to perform in the new business economy; factors such as availability of scarce resources, Value Added Activities, presences of Propriety Technologies, Management Skills , Marketing Skills, creation of strong brand equities, Production know-how , achieving economies of scale , productive capability and presence of low labour costs centres( India , Chain and etc.) and many others. 1.b Strengths and Weaknesses of bureaucratic organizations: BUREAUCRATIC organizations functions well and are suitable for environments which are stable in nature and involve routine tasks and minimal technological changes. A Bureaucratic organisational structure is often centralized; they have a clear, well defined vertical hierarchy of command, authority and chain of control. Productivity and efficiency are achieved through standardization of processes. Emphasis is given to specialization of processes and is most often formalized. As a result of these factors, the tasks in a bureaucratic organisation often results in rigidly defined jobs, process , applications of technology leaving very less or often no space for creativeness or innovative inputs into the system. Since every tasks, process are predetermined and predictable by strict standard operating procedures, the system resemble a machine (Max weber, 1978, cited in Beetham, 1996). According to Max Weber (1978), Strengths and Weakness of a bureaucratic organisation are as follows: Strengths Strict rules and regulation regarding work , behaviour and employee code of conduct Impersonal orientation specific sphere of competence Continuity in uniformity of operations Less impact of any changes to the organizational structure or management Rational allocation of tasks Division of labor based on various specialized functions Membership constitutes a career Promotions are usually based on experience and technical knowledge and competence qualifications tested limited discretion of officers legally based tenure Educational and technical qualifies are tested periodically Prescribed chain of authority and legal compliances Weaknesses Very less or often no space for creativeness or innovative inputs into the system Highly rigid decision making system. Participation is based on defined authority There is a severe lack of empathy or rationality. The origination is highly regulated by set rules and regulations. Productivity and efficiency are achieved through standardization of processes Rigidly defined jobs, process , applications of technology Slow reaction to unexpected crisis Bureaucratic organizational step up is not suitable for industry or companies which are under great pressure to perform and compete in the market. Neglecting group thinking and initiatives 1. c Alternative forms of organizational development: Organisation development is a planned intervention. The primary intention of OD is to improve the current organisational functions to create a strong foundation for strengthens; work towards reducing weakness ; address threats arising due to various factors influencing the business internally or externally; to mitigate risk or at least reduce the exposure or damage, and all these ultimately results to reflect the changing business environment. There are multitudes of intervening areas within the organisation warranting intervention on regular bases, and also at times of contingencies or unexpected crisis. Organisation intending for a higher level of changes often adopt a full range of interventions. This would also include aspects such as the transformation of employee behaviour and attitudes to towards their roles responsibilities and in general, towards the organisational boarder objectives. On the other hand, partial attempt in change management would result in organisational le vel failures. Subsequently, operating policies, personal policies, management structures and organisational skills sets would fall short of it expectations. Typically, organization development programs will implement multiple interventions simultaneously. There are various methods / types of organization development interventions considered for change management: structural interventions, third party peace-making interventions, Intergroup team building interventions, process consultation interventions, forced field analysis Kurt Lewin, Team interventions, and process consultation interventions. Structural Interventions: It is also known as techno structural interventions and mainly focuses on changes in tasks, organisational structure, technological processes, quality circles, TQM, restructuring and work/job design. Intergroup team building interventions: These interventions advocate in the improvement of intergroup relations between work teams, facilitate effective communication. The steps involved are: OD practitioner meets the group leaders and study their requirements. Groups meet separately and encourage noting down about perceptions, related problems, attitude towards each other. This also involves group anticipating each others expectations. This process helps in improving interaction between individuals and groups; find solution to unresolved problems; and minimize the communication gap. Team Building interventions: These interventions are focused on improving team organizational processes, Task accomplishment, Problem diagnosis and establishing strong team relationships. The process involves analysing the purpose of teams existence, objectives and team preparation for task accomplishment. Human Resources management interventions: involves employee performance and assessment management, employee wellness and reward systems, organisational diversity management and many others. Third party peace-making Interventions: various methods and techniques are used , such as the confrontation technique, Insist on exploring possible solutions, Efforts to overcome negative feeling, solving interpersonal conflict Differentiation phase understand differences of perspectives , Integration phase sharing of positive feelings and thoughts. Other intervention areas are team building, self-designing organizations, facilitating, organizational restructuring, conflict management, training, coaching, and organizational transformation, cultural change and strategic management. Key Stakeholders in My Chosen Organisation My chosen organisation for Change Management Process is a local grocery supermarket located in Bangalore, India. It was founded in the year 2001. Initially the retail store supplied only stationery and foods items; however, over the years, more products were added to their portfolio. Today, the retail store known as Naveen Supermarket has range of products such as house hold goods, food items, electronic items among other products commonly found in general grocery stores. Naveen Supermarket has about 20 to 25 employee working in different shifts around the clock. The employees are divided into three main sections, the first group manages the supermarket floor, the second group is engaged with the stock management, and the third group manages telephone orders and delivery system. The supermarket store is situated in a convenient location, surrounded by huge residential complex, transportation points and also major educational and business institutions. Since its inception as a small retail store in 2001, it has now grown into a busy 24 / 7 store serving over 5000 customers every week. From the last few years, world economy has seen a dramatic change in its location. While Naveen supermarket experienced exponential growth, it also faces increasing competition from new entrants especially, large supermarkets, transforming the market into highly competitive business. The usual old ways of attracting and retaining customers have been found ineffective, and consequently, the supermarket is seriously planning to have a major overhaul in the organisational structure, and also business functions to reflect the changing conditions in the market. Change in demographic profile of the surrounding population has also mandated changes including the product portfolio to accommodate multi-cultural food products, different age group especially increasing student and higher working class population. Apart from this, the management of the supermarket is also envisioning of opening similar stores in other locations in Bangalore. Bangalore is known as the second silicon valley of the world, and emerging as one of the major metropolitan city in India, consequently, today the city has adapted a culture similar to other major cities around world attributed by fast moving busy life style. Opportunity A study done by Davies (2001), point out that food customers in UK are not interested to cook food in their kitchen. The quote of Davies stated: Food manufactures should address the need of this fast moving, time starved generation. This can be done by making branded and own label products that fits the changing lifestyle of new era family. Speed is required while preparing food as there is no time to cook. Healthy and convenient food is in demand. The similar trend is rising in India as well. So Naveen Supermarket has the tremendous opportunities to expand their chain across India. Analysis of the type of Change Company is initiating The organization is going to have recent development of the operational change consists of the operational modifications will change the techniques of on-going operations of the company, like the automation of the various operational processes. The operational changes would help Naveen supermarket in improvement in supply chain management practices, increase in revenue, improvement in quality of service and products by applying Total quality management and Kaizen systems for continuous improvements. The main aim of implementing to have cost-cut in long run and achieve competitive edge in the higher competitive market conditions. The change proposed for the automation of transaction and operational activity will also lead to quick decision making and helps in the analysis of current situation. Now, these four different types of changes as per consultant David A. Nadler and management professor Michael L. Tushman together developed an instructive topology of organization change as shown in the diagram shown below. (Kreitner, 2007) Four types of organization change topology Incremental Strategic Anticipatory Tuning Re-orientation Reactive Adaption Re-Creation Based on this model shown in above table, the company is doing Re-creational change. The change is reactive in the sense the company is growing and wants to optimize the operational activities by taking advantage of automation and changing strategic vision of company. Changes Appropriate for Naveen supermarket. 1. Provide quality in its product and services focusing on improve personalized dispositions; improve the order placing and delivery mechanism including online platform. 2. Aggressively market by introducing various promotional offer to match other competitors especially MNC. 3. Control operating costs thereby saving could be too transferred to the customer as increased services or price reduction, and thus building a strong competitive advantage over the time. 4. Recruit professionals in the field retail management, so as represent a fair mix of talents in the organisation representing wide background. 2. B Analysis of models for stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement models and its analysis/application: Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder Analysis and Stakeholder Management are the important aspects of Change Management Process to garner support for change in the organization. This technique can be used to identify the key areas of change, and affected persons in the implementation of the change. Stakeholders are an important asset to the organisation, and therefore its imperative to consult the stakeholder prior to the implementation of change to achieve the desired outcome. Disagreement or partial commitment would jeopardize the entire undertaking, eventually, resulting in unwanted conflicts and disagreement. The stakeholder analysis tool would assist Naveen Supermarket to comprehend and gain an early support from the stakeholders especially the influential ones. This requires that the management educate the stakeholder on the transpiring conditions that the business is surrounded with, which lead to the decision of undertaking change management in the organisation. The stakeholders should clearly be exp lained about the consequences of both options considering and not considering change in the short and long run. Winning the support of the influential stakeholders, and eventually others is the key to the successful implementation of change. The key stakeholders of Naveen Supermarket are: Management Staff Customers Suppliers Investors Government Municipal corporation Community (General Public) The following questions can provide an understating about the key stakeholders thoughts: What is expectation in terms of monetary or emotional? Optimistic or destructive? What is the key inspirational aspect of the project to them? What facts are they looking for? What is the most effective way to communicate the message to them? What steps are required in the management of their objections and opposition? Creating a platform for effective communication with the stakeholders would yield their exact thoughts and feelings of the project, and would enable how much of the support it can gather eventually. In case of objections, what step needs to be taken to turn around the objections into constructive support need to consider? This process can start with establishing an effective communication system, tailoring the information or message to suit the end receivers. Organise training programs, consult and include the stakeholders according to the proportion of their interests in the new development. Stakeholder mapping is a powerful tool allows a quickly analysis of the stakeholders impact, and how to improve the support system. (SVQ, 2007). Stakeholders mapping Stakeholder mapping matrix (MayersVermeulen, 2003) A- Key Players Management Employees Suppliers B- Keep Satisfied Government Local councils C- Keep Informed Customers Investor D- Minimal Effort Community High Interest Low H I GH Power L O W High power, highly interested Stakeholders: These key players should be actively engaged in the project and more efforts should be put to satisfy their curiosity and requirements in the project. High power, less interested Stakeholders: Keep them interested however avoid over indulgence. Low power, highly interested Stakeholders: These players should be kept informed regularly about the developments of the project. Though they constitute low in the power play matrix, their collective number or size has immense influence on the project. Low power, less interested Stakeholders: They dont have direct impact; however, they form the part of the entire system and therefore would require their inclusion in a constructive manner. Task 3: 3A Change models appropriate for my chosen organisation. CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODELS There are many models of change management such as Learning organization approach (LOA), Hope and Hope theory of competition in the third wave, the Kaizen approach to improve the quality of service, Business process re-engineering (BPR), de-layering, downsizing etc. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) BPR is one of the important steps prior to the implementation of ERP in an organisation. Basically BPR is the fundamental reconsideration of the organisational processes and involves radical thinking. It helps the organisational to improve various business operations dramatically so as to achieve excellence in customer services, reduce operating costs, and transform itself into a global competitor. BPR according to Hammer and Champy (1993), the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. The greatest approach to implement change is to understand that change is the only constant in the dynamic business environment and embracing it is the key to survival and future growth. BPR is a methodical training process to enable companies to conduct feasibility evaluation for managing vibrant change. (Erpwire, 2010) John Kotters 8 step change model Kotter (2002) describes a methodical process to change management. Kotter suggests that for change to be successful, at least 3 /4 of the companys management need to embrace the change factor positively. The Kotters 8 step change model illustrated with a diagram in the context the supermarket.Identify short priorities and set achievable objectives Focus on accomplished and future milestones. Strengthen the importance of fruitful change via employment, promotion, and intertwine change into the organisational culture. Construct the regulatory team Repeatedly and robustly with the stakeholders Establish a simple vision and strategy within the team. Inspire people to move Allow positive feedback and tons of backing from leaders reward and recognize improvement and accomplishments. 8. Make change stick 7. Build on the change 6. Create the short-term wins 3. Create visualization for change 2. Construct the regulatory team 1. Increase urgency 4. Communicate the Vision 5. Remove Obstacles Kotters 8 step change model Kotters 8 step Change model, Source: www.Leadershiphub.com 3.b Implementation of change model in my chosen organisation In my opinion, Kotters model would the purpose of implementing the change management to achieve desirable results for Naveen Supermarket. According the model followings steps need to be undertaken: Create the sense of Urgency Step One Sense of urgency should be created among the stakeholders especially ones with most influence on the Naveen supermarkets business. This would include the shareholders primarily, employees, customer and other as deemed fit into the system for the change management. Form a Powerful Coalition Step Two Naveen supermarket must create effective leadership platform to implement and monitor change in the organisation. This requires coalition and support with key employees who can initiate and control and monitor the change process through its life. Create a Vision for Change Step Three To get employee and other stakeholders participating actively, Naveen supermarket should have clear and transparent, comprehendible vision about the change and its implications. Otherwise the enthusiasm would fade slowly from the epicentre of the core activities of the change management as it moves away and as time pass by. This would require that the leader regularly reinstate the vision to the employee to keep them altered of its progress and active involvement. Communicate the Vision Step Four Naveen supermarket should communicate the vision to the participants effectively through various channels such as media, training programs, organisational announcements. The more the emphasis on the key points in the vision the better the influence of it on the stakeholders. The vision should be comprehensive, cover every operations of the business that need change, influence and motivate the employee to be part of the change management. Remove Obstacles Step Five There are likely chances of obstacles crippling into the implementation process very often. However, the organisation should remained focused on the key action plans, closely monitor, get regular feedback and undertake any necessary actions required to adjust to the changing factors of the environment. Obstacles can come from internal source or external. Naveen supermarket should take speedy actions to restore the plan on its due course of execution. Obstacles that can be removed should be eliminated, others which tend to remain and deeply rooted must be accommodated without actually diluting the vision or jeopardizing the actions plans. Create Short-term Wins Step Six The Naveen Supermarket store must identify tasks, which can be accomplished easily. The results achieved would encourage further involvement and motivate others to join the effort whole- heartedly. Proper compensation and reward system should be built in the change management process. Employee who contributed considerably should be recognized and rewarded accordingly, thereby, setting an example of the personal benefits from its involvement. Short term achievement should be communicated effectively to the stakeholders to keep them interested. Build on the Change Step Seven This is one of the important steps. Naveen supermarket should build on the change, evaluate every winning factor and leverage on it. Failures should be identified and corrective steps need to be taken, so as to avoid similar failures in the future. Success got at this stage should not be assumed as the final victory rather, it must enable deep thinking, and serve as input to the next stage of change management after all change management is a continuous process. Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Step Eight In a long and continuous effort of change management, the process should eventually be observed into the main stream culture of the organisation. For changes to be a part and parcel of the organisational culture, the leaders should regularly alert and create awareness about the existence of the change management that is deeply rooted in every organisational activity. The perception of change management should become an inseparable part of the organisational culture in a long run; this in turn would create a platform and facilitate any major undertaking in the future. Desirable Outcomes of Change Program The change management would eventually yield desirable outcome if it is undertaken constructively and effectively throughout its various implementation phase by the Naveen supermarket management. The three key areas of noticeable changes are: Operational changes The operational changes would help Naveen supermarket to improve various business operations. The changes should result in considerable improvement in the near future in the online orders and delivery mechanism which it is planning to launch very soon, floor management, supply chain management practices, improvement in quality of service and products , employee performance, reduction in operating cost resulting in increased revenue generation. Strategic changes Changes in the areas will give clear vision and direction to all the stakeholders of Naveen Supermarket. In a long run it will create value and ethos that is conducive for achieving growth and increase performance. Cultural changes Key values and ethics in business operations created along during the process of the changes would be imbibed into the organisational culture. It would serve as motivation and sense of purpose for the employees and other stakeholders to achieve and contribute to the organisational goals. The success achieved would drive home a message that, organisation to survive and grown in the highly competitive business environment mandates change, and the stakeholder, especially, the employee are the agents and catalyst to the change management process. In a long run the process would reflect that organisational culture is based on change management philosophy for success. Conclusion The change in organization generally also brings several issues. To make the change process a success it requires a lot of effort from the change leader. The change management model chosen by company needs to be thoroughly monitored and implemented. It is also measure and controls the success of the change process. Changes often result in individuals taking on greater responsibilities, retraining, performing new tasks and developing new skills and new ways of working. Individuals are taken out of the comfort zone they have operated in for some time. The anxiety and stress that can be caused if the process is not well managed will manifest itself in resistance to change. Greater degree of consultation and worker participation, both in the development of the strategic vision and the implementation of change, should increase ownership, thus reducing anxiety and stress that often drives resistance to change. Failure in most change processes can be traced back to poor communications and f ailure to appreciate the amount of retraining that is required. To conclude, I found that the scope of change is too wide and I would suggest that company should bring changes in different phases such as first of all bring the change of automation of some operational activity and later on when this change is successful implement other change.

Does Robert Louis Stevenson explore the duality of human nature in Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

Written between 1884 and 1887, Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel, â€Å"the strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, is about a well respected physician and his ‘other self’ Mr Hyde. Dr. Jekyll is described as a typical Victorian gentleman . [PD1] Dr Jekyll wanted to develop a potion because he believed he could create a perfectly righteous human being by destroying the evil of the mind and body. When he creates this potion, it doesn’t quite go according to plan. He takes the potion for the first time, but when he goes back to normal, he turns into Mr Hyde without taking the potion. Slowly, Mr Hyde starts to take over Dr Jekyll. When Dr Jekyll turns into Mr Hyde, it changes his appearance, because of this, no one wants to approach him or talk to him. During the time when the book was written, people who looked different or who had disabilities or deformities which are widely accepted today, were not liked and were usually shut away. This is why no one liked or talked to Hyde. There is proof of this in the lines â€Å"I had taken a loathing to the man at first sight† and â€Å"gave me a look so ugly, it brought out the sweat on me like running†. Dr Jekylls idea was that everyone had two sides to them, a good side and an evil side, a side of joy and a side of despair; there is a Mr Hyde in all of us. This was not the only novel of this time that hinted at duality, there were a few of other main plays. Two examples are Deacon Broodie, and Markheim, which is a short story. In the Victorian times, most people had very high morals, and so immoral things were rarely mentioned or talked about. Also, sex is rarely talked about in the book because everyone had such high morals, and so sex is something which would not be written and so was kept away from the public eye. [PD2] Throughout the novel, figurative language is used in various forms. One of the forms used is personification. Personification is used in many ways to try to help the reader to relate to the book, characters, and objects in the book. Another way figurative language is used is in the form of â€Å"similes† by saying things like â€Å"You start a question, and it’s like starting a stone. You sit quietly on the top of a hill; and away the stone goes, starting others; and presently some bland old bird (the last you would have thought of) is knocked on the head in his own back garden and the family have to change their name. No, sir, I make it a rule of mine: the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask.†[PD3] The novel was written when the world was not very advanced medically. In the world today, we know of illnesses such as schizophrenia. It is thought that the novel was written about someone who had schizophrenia which would be treated with medication nowadays. jekyll and hyde were indeed the same person and Dr Jekyll didn’t really have â€Å"an evil side† to him, it was just because he had a split personality disorder.