Foreshadowing in a Tale of Two Cities free essay sample

All through A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, Charles Dickens utilizes hinting to facilitate the plot of the novel. Dickens anticipates the plot in various manners. In Chapter Five of Book One, Dickens the wine that spills into the lanes as an analogy for the blood spilled in the upheaval. Outside of a wine-shop, a wine container is broken in the road. Numerous individuals surge around the puddle on the ground attempting to scoop it up and drink as much as could reasonably be expected. Dickens depicts this by saying All the individuals close enough had suspended their business†¦. Dampness wine-spoiled pieces with enthusiastic relish on pages 34 35. This demonstrates how urgent the individuals are. A man composes the word BLOOD on a divider close to where the container tore open. This portends the savagery of the boisterous hordes later in the novel. This scene calls attention to how ruined the individuals of Paris are and how boisterous a group can become when they are brought together under an assembled cause. We will compose a custom article test on Portending in a Tale of Two Cities or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The breaking of the wine container likewise traces one of the topics of the book, which is dimness, and gives a dim, desolate environment to the story and the theme ‘blood’. Another case of anticipating inside the novel is Madame Defarges weaving. Madame Defarge is a disdainful character in the book and she and her significant other are the pioneer of the Jaquerie, a gathering a people that are arranging the unrest. Madame Defarges weaving anticipates the up and coming upheaval, in that she is sewing a register of individuals that she accepts must be executed. Likewise, her weaving portends the detainment and passing of Charles Darnay, just as the brutality that will before long come. Madame Defarge’s weaving ends up being substantially more than simply sewing and it foreshadowed the savage viciousness that would happen later in the novel. The book presents another character called the Marquis St. Evremonde in Book the Second: The Golden Thread part 7. Marquis is a narrow minded, haughty blue-blood. The Marquis sees average folks just as they were as immaterial as steers. Coming back to his home from Paris, the Marquis’ carriage hits a little youngster and slaughters him. Everybody around him that was on the road are stunned by this episode yet the Marquis isn't in any way shape or form conciliatory and says It is exceptional to me that you individuals can't deal with yourself and your youngsters. Either of you is for ever in the manner. How would I know what injury you have done my ponies? See! Give him cap on page 129. Not long after this occasion, the dad of the little youngster, Gaspard looks for retribution on the Marquis, by executing him. This anticipates the future upheaval by indicating the lower class loathsome and ascending against the class foul play which was available all through this season of history in France. In the novel, there were numerous examples where Dickens foreshadowed the coming insurgency. The creator utilized the occurrence of the wine barrel tearing open in the road to underscore how neediness stricken the ordinary citizens of France were and how turbulent a horde of individuals joined around a typical reason can be. He likewise utilized Madame Defarge’s sewing, as a method of hinting the way Charles Darnay, and numerous others, would be detained and kick the bucket at the progressives preliminaries. Notwithstanding that, Dickens utilized Gaspard’s retribution on the Marquis St. Evremonde as a method of indicating the contact between the lower class and the high society and as a method of showing the lower class face the severe blue-bloods. Charles Dickens utilization of hinting made his story additionally intriguing and hade an extraordinary impact in his novel A Tale of Two Cities.

Pakistan’s Educational System

The training arrangement of Pakistan is one is the least-created on the planet. Until 1947, the instructive framework depended on the British frontier instructive framework. In 1947, Pakistan picked up autonomy coming about because of the segment of the Indian subcontinent into the conditions of India and Pakistan. The pioneer framework was specific. It was intended to teach a little area of the populace to run the legislature. Notwithstanding the progressions since freedom, the Pakistani instruction framework has kept its pilgrim framework, to forestall the lose of absence of education. Pakistan’s instructive framework is isolated into five levels. The pre-college training incorporates four levels. The first is the essential level, which is grades one to five. At that point, the center level comprising of evaluations six to eight. Next is the significant level, grades nine and ten. At that point is the middle of the road level which is levels eleven and twelve, prompting a certificate in expressions or science. There is additionally a college level, which lead to undergrad and advanced educations. The Pakistani instructive framework depends on expelling political force from nearby levels and gather it in a focal position. The entirety of the organizations engaged with scholastic and specialized instruction, up to the middle of the road level are constrained by the Ministry of Education. For any training programs over those levels, there is an administration empowered college in the four Pakistani areas. The four areas are Punjab, Baluchistan, and the North West Frontier. The colleges are in charge of sorting out guidelines and tests for their region. Separate from the Ministry of Education, different services manage certain degree programs. Other private and philanthropic school and colleges have begun to come up in Pakistan. A few models are the Lahore University of Management Sciences and the Aga Khan clinical University in Karachi. Since they are secretly supported, they give an opportunity to advanced education for a little part of individuals who don't have the chance to seek after their training at freely financed colleges, that have restricted yearly confirmation. In spite of the plans of the Pakistani government, the instructive framework has neglected to dispose of absence of education after their time of freedom. It has additionally neglected to show various individuals to address the issues of the nation in various fields. This had been a significant disablement to the nation’s financial turn of events. The administration changes in the 1950’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s didn't raise these issue. They principally centered around supplanting English, the provincial language of training, with Urdu, the language of most Pakistanis. The changes likewise prompted the creation school open. Managing the blemishes of the instructive framework, the Pakistani government sorted out new changes in the late 1980’s and mid 1990’s. These made three significant procedures start. The legislature privatized the school that were made open in the 1970’s. It additionally dropped the way toward making Urdu the language of instruction and urged to return to English language in tuition based schools. At long last, the legislature focused on Pakistani examinations and Islamic investigations as two significant pieces of the educational program. This was a significant change from provincial education’s dependent on British history and English writing. The progressions have improved the instructive framework and have expanded the quantity of educated Pakistanis, yet there are still a few battles. Instructive financing is low. Additionally, there is minimal political endeavors to make enhancements. Pakistan’s costs on training isn't sufficient to meet the developing requirements for instruction administrations for the nation’s expanding populace. Then again, In the 1999-2000 school year, government spending on training was 2 percent of Pakistan’s net national item. This sum shows a decline from 1995-1997. School enlistment likewise expanded from 19 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 1990. The Pakistani instructive framework demonstrated a ton of victimization ladies. This shamefulness was appeared in the example of education, which shows a solid connection among sex and proficiency rates. The lack of education rate is exceptionally high among Pakistani ladies all things considered. In 1998, the grown-up absence of education raters were 42 percent for guys and 71 percent for females. Around the same time, the lack of education rate for male youth and female youth was 25 and 53 percent. This sexual orientation based bias has added to the proceeded with absence of education and deficiency of instructed individuals and has impactsly affected the underdevelopment of Pakistan. The instructive arrangement of Pakistan has been not able to address the issues of instructive prerequisites of the Pakistanis. The framework needs extraordinary venture to expand the quantity of instructive establishments and to prepare and locate an adequate measure of teachers at all levels. The Pakistani government has constrained money related assets, which isn't sufficient to meet all of Pakistan’s needs. Added to the cash spend on account of the precarious relations among India and Pakistan and a gigantic remote obligation further diminish the accessible assets for instructive purposes. Except if the compounding Pakistani economy improves there is little trust in a noteworthy change in Pakistan’s instructive framework later on.

Read Your Way Through Mexico City

Read Your Way Through Mexico City Late in January, I visited Mexico City. I escaped the frigid temperatures of the Midwest and dove into the world of sunlight and open-air bookstores, agave plants and early-morning tamales. But as I left, I had an important question: What should I bring to read? What books about Mexico City would best occupy me while I saw and explored the real thing? I prefer to read books set in the place Im visiting, and by authors who are from the country Im in. I think that it both feels more legit that wayâ€"youre connected to the place youre visiting both when youre in and out of your bookâ€"but also that it helps me find authors I havent read before, or pull me to classics that I should have read but havent yet, especially by authors of color. There are so many Mexican and Mexican-American authors that I should have read way earlier! And so much about Mexican history that I didnt and should have known. After my own digging for recommendations, here are my tips on what read if youre visiting Mexico City, or if you just want to read more by some great Mexican or Mexican-American authors. As I visited the best bookish places in Mexico City, I dug into some of this fiction, and looked for these books on the shelves. Fiction Caramelo by Sandra Cisneros This is what I read throughout nearly my entire trip, and it was a sheer joy. Cisneross writing is full of humor, joy, vivid descriptions, snappy dialogue, and fun. Its about Lala Reyes. Her family is visiting Mexico City from Chicago to stay with the Awful Grandmother. As the story unspools both backward and forwardâ€"into Lalas coming of age and also back into the life story of the Awful Grandmotherâ€"you get this vivid picture of the Reyes family and its women, and their complex identities. Its a gorgeous, fun book and was my perfect companionâ€"I carried it up the pyramids, propped it up on the train ride to Coyoacán, and finished it in a quiet place in Chapultepec Park. View this post on Instagram Once in the land of los nopales, before all the dogs were named after Woodrow Wilson, during that epoch when people still danced el chotís, el cancán, and el vals to a violín, violoncelo, and salterio, at the nose of a hill where a goddess appeared to an Indian, in that city founded when a serpent-devouring eagle perched on a cactus, beyond the twin volcanoes that were once prince and princess, under the sky and on the earth lived the woman Soledad and the man Narciso.â€"CARAMELO by Sandra Cisneros ? #caramelo #sandracisneros #bookquotes #mexicocity #mexicanliterature #booksaboutmexico #goodbooks #bookrecommendation #booksandflowers A post shared by Leah Rachel von Essen (@whilereadingandwalking) on Jan 30, 2019 at 8:42am PST Malinche by Laura Esquivel, translated by ernesto mestre-reed I would have read this one in Mexico City if I could have found it on the shelves of my local bookstore in time. The author of Like Water for Chocolate writes about Malinalli, a member of a tribe conquered by Aztec warriors who was the interpreter for and then lover of Hernán Cortés when he first arrived. Esquivel writes the story of one of the most controversial figures in Mexico Cityâ€"she has been painted as a traitor, a victim, and more. Esquivel tries to give her a voice in this novel. The Story of My Teeth by Valeria Luiselli, translated by christina Macsweeney This one is high on my to-read list. The main character is an older world traveler, auctioneer, and collector of famous peoples teeth. Luisellis book was named one of the best books of 2015 by a ton of different outlets (including NPR, Kirkus, Publishers Weekly, and The New York Times), and its all set in the industrial suburbs of Mexico City. Like  Malinche, this was one of the three novels I set up as an option for my main book to take with me to Mexico City, as its supposed to be absolutely superb. Non-Fiction The Labyrinth of Solitude by Octavio Paz This one is for the philosophers or non-fiction lovers. Its for people who arent afraid to dig deep even in their vacation reading. 1990 Nobel Prize for Literature winner Octavio Paz digs in this essay collection into Mexicos quest for identity, seeking in poetic and intellectual prose to examine Mexicos people and their character and culture, defining a country hidden behind a mask, a solitude. I bought this book at a bookstore in the city, and have been slowly working through it since. Its fascinating and beautiful, and Im enjoying Pazs interpretations so far. View this post on Instagram I purchased El Diario de Frida Kahlo at Centro Cultural Elena Garro in Mexico City. I thought it was a good book to struggle through in Spanishâ€"it felt right to read Kahlos entries in her original language. And I had just become entranced with her at Casa Azul, the Frida Kahlo museum, so I was ready to learn more. Its now on my to-read stack. ? #eldiariodefridakahlo #mexicocity #centroculturalelenagarro #spanishbooks #booksintranslation #fridakahlo #casaazul #literarytravel #coyoacán #thediaryoffridakahlo A post shared by Leah Rachel von Essen (@whilereadingandwalking) on Jan 29, 2019 at 12:15pm PST The Diary of Frida Kahlo: An Intimate Self-Portrait One of the best stops on my Mexico City trip was Casa Azul, the house where Frida Kahlo grew up, learned to paint, and later lived with Diego Rivera. Its a stunning museum, and her diary, which I bought in Spanish, is gorgeous and an intimate look into her life, her wonderings, and her pain, that serves as excellent accompaniment to the museum and its revelations. Its a heavier hardcover, so maybe this is one to read before or after your trip; that said, having it to dig into just after Id visited the museum was really wonderful, and the museum even references the diary at one point while showing her color palette. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs by Michael D. Coe and Rex Koontz I recommend catching up on Mexican history in advance as much as possible. A lot of the museums I went to, from the Museum of Anthropology to the ruins themselves at Teotihuacán, understandably did not have substantiative captions or descriptions in English. I did much of my reading online, but I think it would be a good idea to read up on history both about the ancients Fire Blood: A History of Mexico by T.R. Fehrenbach and even more importantly about modern Mexican history. I learned from talking to fellow tourists at Chapultepec Castle that so few people know much of anything about Mexican history after Cortés arrived! I dont have a personal recommendation here because I just read as much as I could online, but I really encourage you to read up in advance, on the revolution, the viceroys, on Díaz, and more. This book covers up to the mid-1990s. View this post on Instagram My decongestants buried my sinuses in a dry heap of sand today, so Im distracting myself from the cold outside, and from my headache, by burying myself in my plans for Mexico City instead. Only two weeks now to wait! ? #mexicocity #bookishtravel #literarytravel #travelbooks #downanddeliriousinmexicocity #danielhernandez #lonelyplanet #atlasobscura #travellove #wintergetaway A post shared by Leah Rachel von Essen (@whilereadingandwalking) on Jan 5, 2019 at 12:18pm PST Down Delirious in Mexico City: The Aztec Metropolis in the 21st Century by Daniel Hernandez I read this book as I prepared my trip to Mexico City. Hernandez, a Mexican-American, visits the City and finds himself unable to leave. He writes about subcultures and religious or spiritual cults in Mexico City in the early 2000s, using immersive journalism and interviews to report in a very personal way about groupsâ€"from the punk culture in the city and how it had to go underground for a long time, to the fashion and party culture and the ways it can go wrong. I loved this book. For me, it was a way to learn more about the sides of Mexico City I was unlikely to see or read about on my trip, and I appreciate the way it filled in some of the blank spaces. What other recommendations do you have for me about Mexico City? Let me know in the comments!

Differences Between Hills and Mountains

Hills and mountains are both natural land formations that rise out of the landscape. There is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill, and this can make it difficult to differentiate between the two. Mountain Versus Hill There are characteristics that we typically associate with mountains; for example, most mountains have steep slopes and a well-defined summit while hills tend to be rounded. This, however, is not always the case. Some mountain ranges, such as the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania, are geologically old and are therefore smaller and more rounded than more classic mountains such as the Rocky Mountains in the western United States. Even leaders in geography, like the United States Geological Survey (USGS), do not have an exact definition of a mountain and a hill. Instead, the organizations Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) uses broad categories for most land features, including mountains, hills, lakes, and rivers. Though no one can agree on the heights of mountains and hills, there are a few generally accepted characteristics that define each. Defining the Height of a Mountain According to the USGS, up until the 1920s, the British Ordnance Survey defined a mountain as a geographic feature rising higher than 1,000 feet (304 meters.) The United States followed suit and defined a mountain as having a local relief higher than 1,000 feet. This definition, however, was dropped in the late 1970s. There was even a movie about the battle over mountain and hill. In  The Englishman That Went Up a Hill and Down a Mountain  (1995, starring Hugh Grant), a Welsh village challenged cartographers attempts to classify their mountain as a hill by adding a pile of rocks to the top. What is a Hill? In general, we think of hills as having a lower elevation than a mountain and  a more rounded/mound shape than a distinct peak. Some accepted characteristics of a hill are: A natural mound of earth created either by faulting or erosionA bump in the landscape, rising gradually from its surroundingsLow altitude and elevation, often less than 984-1,968 feet (300-600 meters)A rounded top with no well-defined summitOften unnamedEasy to climb Hills may have once been mountains that were worn down by erosion over many thousands of years. Contrariwise, many mountains—such as the Himalayas in Asia—were created by tectonic faults and would have, at one time, been what we might now consider hills. What is a Mountain? Though  a mountain is typically taller than a hill, there is no official height designation. An abrupt difference in local topography is often described as a mountain, and such features will often have  mount  or mountain in their name; examples include Mount Hood, Mount Ranier, and Mount Washington. Some accepted characteristics of a mountain are: A natural mound of earth created by faultingA very steep rise in the landscape that is often abrupt in comparison to its surroundingsHigh altitude and elevation, often higher than 1,968 feet (600 meters)A steep slope and a defined summit or peakOften has a nameDepending on the slopes and elevation, mountains can be a challenge to climb Of course, there are exceptions to these assumptions and some features that would otherwise be called mountains have the word hills in their name. For instance, the Black Hills in South Dakota can also be thought of as a small, isolated mountain range. The highest peak is Harney Peak at 7,242 feet of elevation and 2,922 feet of prominence from the surrounding landscape. The Black Hills received their name from the Lakota Indians who called the mountains  Paha Sapa, or black hills.

Essay about My Communication Skills - 751 Words

My Communication Skills Improving my communication skills has been a work in progress starting back in the early years of my life. I have always been my own worse critic. Usually beating myself down through interpersonal communication. Now as an adult I have made great improvements but still have trouble dealing with perception and self-image. Not being raised in an environment of positive reinforcement and poor communication in the workplace I have made it a point to change that trait in my own family and professional environment.†¦show more content†¦My goals for improving self-image are first to make the steps to be the person I want to be. Whether it is through exercise or education myself to build up my intellectual strength. Making a self-image inventory, noting those things that I like about myself. The make a list of the negative traits that I want to improve. Changing my focus from negative to positive should help me avoid being depressed. The best thing I can do I recognize my shortcomings but dont dwell on them. A key characteristic in dire need of improvement would be my perception. I was raised in an environment where stereotypes and first impressions were the norm. Expecting certain actions from people based on what Ive heard or seen in the past, not being empathetic in my views. In circumstances like UOP, if a student does not interact or participate at the same level as myself, they would be interpreted as being a procrastinator. I certainly have issues with trust, usually taking a cautious approach to the team atmosphere in fear of not meeting the courses expectations. In the last few classes I have pos ted questions and asked for feedback on peoples expectations in hopes that I can be moreShow MoreRelatedMy Intercultural Communication Skills Of Multicultural Communications2464 Words   |  10 Pagesaspects of childhood that can truly be considered as a gift. In my case, that gift was the environment where I grew up. Needless to say that living as an Armenian immigrant in Russia with a European education was very rough at times. However, the inborn education and skills of multicultural communications were priceless for me. Due to my diverse background, I was able to build a very important ability, which is the intercultural communication competence. This capacity helps one to correctly interact withRead MoreUnderstanding My Communication Skills At My School840 Words   |  4 Pages Assignment 2 To better understand my communication skills, I conducted brief conversations with various employees at my school. Because school is out for the summer, I had to meet with a bus driver and cafeteria worker from another school that is currently having summer school. Each individual was asked the following questions: What do you like best about the summer vacation? Is this your favorite time of the year? Why or Why not? Here are the descriptions from each interaction.Read MoreImproving My Communication And Listening Skill797 Words   |  4 PagesOn April 18, 2016, I interviewed my Principal at my school in the conference room next to her office. I started interviewing the Principal by asking questions. Throughout the interview, the Principal kept stopping to deal with disciplinary issues (e.g., drug-busted incident, ditching issues, and others).This was part of the interview that I found surprising. She was in and out the conference room dealing with different disciplinary issues. At one point, I had to step out of the conference room soRead MoreMy Best Management Skills Is Communication1209 Words   |  5 PagesI think that one of my best management skills is communication. I am very good at listening to people and then coming up with ideas to help a person become more productive. We probably all know people, either at work or in our personal lives, who are good listeners. No matter what kind of situation I’m in, I believe that I always seem to know just what to say – and how to say it – so that we re not offended or upset. I am caring and considerate, and even if we don t find a solution to our proble mRead MoreAssessing my own communication and interpersonal skills4325 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ I will be assessing my own communication and interpersonal skills in relation to each interaction. Verbal Communication My placement is at a pre-school, I have good verbal communication as I interact well with the children when I am speaking to them I listen to what their saying when they are speaking to me, I keep an open mind and concentrate on the main direction of the children’s message to me, I avoid distractions to make sure I am effectively listening to them at all times, usually the childrenRead MoreMy Communication Skills Of My Life And How They Have Been Developed Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagescommunicate is a great skill that one can practice every day of our lives. There are several ways or types of communication skills I have learned in this course such as vocally, written, visually, or non-verbally. In this assignment, I am going to write about my communication skills in three periods of my life and how they have been developed. First, I would like to talk about how I was when I was a little. When I was about five or six years’ old, I was spoiled between my family just li ke most ofRead MoreMy Active Experimentation The Skills I Have Learned Through Skill Development Are Communication, Decision Making And Listening Skills1743 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the Kolbs cycle (1984) for my active experimentation the skills I have learned through skill development are communication, decision-making and listening skills. I could apply the skills I have learned on practice; Communication skills are the verbal and non-verbal exchange which process information between individuals (cited from RCN 2014). Communicational skills whilst on practice are very important as these are used in maintaining the relationship between healthcare professionals andRead MoreEffective Communication Is Enhanced By Good Communication Skills1322 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication involves the exchange of ideas and thoughts between two or more people with the aim of conveying information. Effective communication is enhanced by good communication skills. Good communication skills are important in all walks of life because it enables people to interact and convey information in an effective manner. For example, a doctor requires good communication skills in order to get the needed information from a patient. Failure to portray good communication skills by the doctorRead MoreReflection On My Learning Skills Development During Th is Semester1266 Words   |  6 Pageslearning skills development during this semester Nurse education comprises of practical and theoretical training offered to student with the aim of preparing them for their roles as nursing professionals. This semester has broadened my learning skills, approaches and strategies. My expectations was to develop effective communication skills needed in the nursing profession besides effective learning strategies and approaches that will aid in the completion of my nursing program. I believe that my expectationsRead MoreA Research On Operative Communication Skills1374 Words   |  6 Pagesliteracy, both verbal and numerical, and communication skills.† This recommendation is one that I utilize in all areas of my life: professional, personal, private, and educational. Despite the conditions it is safe to say that operative communication skills are indispensable in any situation. There is no general agreement on what skills are essentially needed to guarantee successful communication, nor is there a definite way to regulate whet her those skills are being refined. With that being said

Terrorist and Assassins Free Essays

For my research project, I plan to study the influence of Terrorist and Assassins and their Motives are Harmful to Society. Many different reasons inspire terrorists and assassins. The characteristics of them are always changing. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorist and Assassins or any similar topic only for you Order Now Terrorists and assassins are classified into three categories: rational, psychological, and cultural. They are people regularly very common in our society and it is too difficult to identify. This is a very complicated issue but I have concentrated on their motives, I would like to get to the reason for their motives. This research will send a message to us in order to help us understand the motives of the terrorist and assassins. I have already commenced my research on a variety of resources. I am working with the organization of the topic. But to understand the motives we have to study and demonstrate the following: A) Define what a terrorist is and assassins? , B) Terrorist and assassins and their motives, C) There are anything that justifies the terrorists and assassins? D) The effect or damage they cause to society? The main goal for my research is to prove that if there is anything that really justifies the actions of the terrorists and assassins, then they will achieve the motives to harm society. Advertising, as such, is not exactly a goal. Is Indeed half through which expands the cause, accumulate advertising is part of the initial phase in the process of obtaining substantial goals. Their actions have become one of the most powerful influences in our society. I have been searching online and they have several sites that have good information about my topic. Some of the places that described the motives of Terrorist and Murderers are discussed are books, magazines article, newspaper and web sites. A few web sites are: http://www. terrorism. com/,http://projects. wsj. com/murderdata,http://www. timeenoughforlove. org/saved/TerrorismResearchCenterBasics. htm, I will organized all my research notes and work on the final product. How to cite Terrorist and Assassins, Papers

Language planning in south africa free essay sample

Language policy and planning in South Africa must be seen within the context of the countrys sociolinguistic complexity and the relationship between language and a number of serious problems in the country. South Africas sociolinguistic complexity is a function of a number of factors: 1) a multiplicity of languages and cultures; 2) the overlapping demographical and geographical distribution of the countrys major languages; and 3) the politicization of these languages and cultures due to both the colonial past and the policy of apartheid, and the differentiated linguistic manifestation of their politicization (Webb,1994). South Africa is one of the few countries in the world, and the only country in Africa, which has seen, during the 20th Century, the development of a language from one which had no governmental recognition, and existed largely in spoken form, to one in which substantial parts of the government, the national economy, and higher education were run. We will write a custom essay sample on Language planning in south africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The population of South Africa is not only multiracial but it is also multilingual. It is estimated that about 25 languages are spoken within South Africa’s borders (Mesthrei, 2006). Historical Background In 1924, Afrikaans, a relatively new, hybridized language in use for only about eight years at the time, became one of the official languages of South Africa. Prior to 1924, English was the only official language in South Africa. In 1948, the infamous policy of apartheid became the law of the land in South Africa (De Kadt, 2006). The apartheid ideology called for the division of South Africas people according to their racial/ ethnic group affiliation and geographic residence. As South Africans were increasingly and systematically separated from each other, the apartheid-based idea of nationalism based on language was also promoted. By stressing language and cultural differences among the nations Black population, which includes members of African ethnic groups, persons of mixed race (Coloreds), and immigrants from India, and physically segregating them on the basis of race/ethnicity, the apartheid regime encouraged tribalism and petty factional conflicts. Prior to the 1994 elections, the language of instruction in South Africas schools for English, Afrikaner, Colored, and Indian students was either English or Afrikaans (the two former official languages), with the other official language studied as a subject. African students, however, were instructed in their home or ethnic African languages for the first four years and then allowed to switch to either English or Afrikaans. Of the two, English was almost always the preferred language. In 1976, the South African government passed a ruling to make Afrikaans the second language of instruction in the African schools (De Kadt, 2006). Seventy years after the language of Afrikaans was first granted official status (in 1924), South Africa set off on another unique linguistic journey. This time, in 1994, the country became the location of an effort to develop, simultaneously, nine indigenous African languages, granting all nine, along with English and Afrikaans, equal status (that is, official language status) and proclaiming that education and governmental documentation would be available in all. Those nine indigenous languages include Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Tswana, South Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda and Ndebele. These were chosen because the majority of South Africans, probably more than 98%, use one of these languages as their home language or first language. Currently, English is the most visible and audible language at governmental functions, political rallies, administration, and the upper echelons of business and education. On the other hand, Afrikaans and African languages are very much alive on individual radio stations, in music, some newspapers (chiefly Afrikaans, Zulu, and Xhosa), primary education, and, to a lesser extent, on television (Mesthrei, 2006). I feel that the policy of making 9 languages the official languages of South Africa would progress very slowly as it is faced by several issues. Firstly, the cost and complexity of developing nine languages at once far outscales the costs and difficulties faced by the government in 1924 when making Afrikaans one of the official languages. For example, translation of all the government documents, forms and circulars to 11 official languages is an enormous burden that can barely be carried. Also, there is a great difference between the case of Afrikaans and that of the 9 indigenous languages. The political pressures on the government were very different between both cases. In the historical case (of Afrikaans), the governmental recognition of the language was driven by the existence of a politically significant language community. Whereas, in case of the 9 indigenous languages, it was driven by a demand for equality rather than a demand for language development. The political insignificance of these language communities, I believe, is what inhibits the development of the 9 indigenous languages to the level of English and Afrikaans.

Guide on Business Studies Essay Writing Write Extensively and Neatly

Guide on Business Studies Essay Writing Write Extensively and Neatly Business matters is a central pillar of today’s globalized society a person has to solve various issues and make decisions. With the economic progress, the importance of knowledge on Business has become much more crucial in relation to the past era. This is a digital era, and the presence of top 10 richest companies in the world in 2018 means that people are interested in studying Business from all angles. Business Studies is a subject that involves knowledge from different fields like Sociology, Political Science, Psychology, Mathematics, Statistics, and Law. Sounds difficult to get a grasp on all these aspects in a written form? This article is designed to improve your Business Studies essay writing skills immensely. In what way? You just read all the information given here, then you’ll know all ins and outs of Business Studies essay writing. The List of 10 Business Topics from Our Business Studies Experts To be excellent in essay writing on Business, you should be aware of topics that will guarantee you success. How to choose effective business topics? It’s a childs play. What does every child choose to play with? Anything that interests you. Within Business Studies, there is a variety of topics you can write an essay on. Find anything that is interesting to you personally. Even if you are more interested in a topic than the others (for example, your professor), it isn’t the worst way of starting to protect your interests as a potential researcher. Moreover, you will be able to reveal your own potential more if a topic is an area of your interest than you’ll try to work on a particular topic chosen by your instructor’s restriction. Anything that leads to significant discoveries. If your efforts to write a good business essay don’t pay any dividends, will you be totally satisfied? Moreover, neither you or your educator wouldn’t be glad to achieve the common results that got by someone from another university previously. You should explore a business topic that will cross new boundaries in the area. Going to work on the topic, ‘The Amount of Apple’s Business: Its Long-Term or Short-Term Evaluation’? Think twice whether you will be able to open new findings as the most are written about the success of this really outstanding company. Anything that is insightful. As every researcher needs to establish himself/herself as a scientist of great insight and creativity, you should stick to the same strategy give insight into your Business topic area on a full scale. Show in your Business essay writing that you understand a topic is really like. For that reason, you need to distinguish between broad and narrow essay topics. Compare the following topics: ‘Business in the 21st Century’ and ‘The Features of Business Development in the 21st Century: Its Weaknesses at Every Stage’. Find a general topic? So, don’t forget to include the information that will make your essay topic more specific and provide you with a clue of what and how to write. For a field like business, the following 10 essay topics correspond to the criteria and even more. Just look at them, and choose anything new, interesting and educational for yourself. The Value on Leadership or Other Qualitative Aspects of a Business Company; 10 Remedies for the Breach of Contract: How Are They Effective for Business Today; Global Economic Activities: Their Impact on Running a Small and Large Business Company; Top 12 Business Models Existing Today: The Perspectives of Their Further Usage; 7 Individual’s Actions Applied to Business Ethics and Unethical Business Practices; Business Policy Makers: Who Works in the Field of Business Management and Entrepreneurship; Strategic Decisions in a Fast-Growing and Networked World: Determinants and Effects; What Should Every Entrepreneur Know about a Startup Algorithm?; The Sources of Motivation Among Business Workers: Material Support or Words of Encouragement; The Nature of Business Competition: What Makes Customers Decide? The Detailed Business Essay Writing Guide Based on the ‘Empire-Building’ Dealing with Business Studies, you can’t go without such a concept as ‘empire-building’. According to Investopedia, it is an attempt to increase the individual’s or corporations power and influence. Let’s imagine you are an ‘empire builder’ of your business essay you’ll intend to grow your business essay’s power. What should you do in such a responsible role? Firstly, you’d better divide the whole writing process into segments pre-writing, writing, and post-writing. Secondly, you should take into consideration all our business studies essay tips at each writing stage. Thirdly, you can make practice your essay writing by trying to write as many essays as possible according to business essays written by our professionals. 3 Pre-Writing Tips Being at the prewriting stage, you come up with some ideas for an essay before you begin writing. You will find it easier to write a business studies essay if you: Brainstorm. This word literally contains 2 words ‘brain’ and ‘storm’. It means that you need to cause a storm for your brain. Get all your thoughts and ideas out of your head. Sometimes, you can be at loss of giving fresh ideas. Therefore, it is no shame if you address someone’s works to develop your own brilliant ideas by adding a few details. Freewrite. Now, it’s time to get all your thoughts out on paper in full. Freewriting is similar to brainstorming, but you expand all the points with the help of new details. Writing complete sentences doesn’t mean to pay too much attention to grammar, punctuation, and the like everything that can distract your concentration should be far from your mind while freewriting. Use mind mapping. There is such a useful technique for extremely visual learners. According to the Forbes’ article, there are some variations in the speed and manner of how people learn new information. But we all obtain more information through our eyes than in any other way. A mind mapping diagram has a central word in a circle, with all associated words around. 4 Writing Tips for Business Studies Essay Now that you have chosen a business topic and gathered the essay ideas, you must start writing it. Keep in mind that college/university essays are more formulaic than you might think. In fact, it can be as simple as twice two makes four only if you follow all our tips. Create a thesis statement. What is the point of your business essay? Look at your outline or diagram and answer this question. Include a topic and point of an essay in a thesis statement. For example, if you were writing about the leadership styles and their impact on business performance, an appropriate thesis statement would be, â€Å"The leadership styles affect the business performance either positively or negatively according to the individual strategic vision.† Write a body of an essay. The main part of your essay is aimed at analyzing, arguing, explaining or describing your topic depending on the type of essay you write. Develop an introduction. When the thesis and body of your essay are written, it is much easier to write an introduction as you need to show the focus of the whole essay in several sentences. Write the information that ties in with your thesis statement, which will be included as the last sentence of your introduction. Conclude your essay logically. Eventually, you’ve come to the closure of your essay topic. Sum up the ideas mentioned in the business essay in 4-5 strong sentences without presenting any new information. In this way, you are supposed to reinforce your thesis statement with the help of essential conclusions. 2 Post-Writing Tips Polish your written essay. Remember that good essay writing does not happen by accident. Even if you are an experienced author of many pieces of writing, you are recommended to look through your business essay again and again. You should be 100% sure that it is worth to be submitted. What to pay attention to? Fix a format of essay writing. In your initial essay instructions, every educator states in what format is required to write APA, MLA, Harvard, etc. Your task is to edit your business essay by taking into consideration some stylistic peculiarities. The differences start appearing at the beginning when you need to deal with a title page, then a bibliography page and so on. Moreover, the correct citing sources of information in the body of your essay is a very important aspect of academic writing. Therefore, you defend yourself against allegations of plagiarism. Besides, there are some academic formatting conventions so that every reader can identify the materials that lead to some particular conclusions. If you find this article useful for your own business essay writing, our professional team is glad. If you feel uncertain about some points, it will be better to apply our essay writing service. Our skilled writers will be happy to help you.

Why making a lot of money won’t necessarily make you happy

Why making a lot of money won’t necessarily make you happy A number that has been thrown around in recent years as the ideal salary to aim for is $75,000. Economist  Angus Deaton and psychologist  Daniel Kahneman performed a study in 2010 where they determined that it doesn’t matter now much more than this magic salary number you earn- your happiness and satisfaction levels won’t noticeably increase. Why wouldn’t earning in the six figures make life absolutely fulfilling? Well, it turns out: money isn’t everything. There are plenty of other factors that affect your life satisfaction in any given job.Here are a few reasons why salary doesn’t necessarily correlate with happiness.Career success doesn’t always mean more money.Very often what makes a person happy is the ability to do what they do well and to gain influence, recognition, and job security. Success can mean rising to manage teams or organizations, making an impact, feeling valued in a crucial role for a company, or just knowing that the future is stable. None of these happiness factors necessarily require a high salary.Experiences matter.It’s not all about earning and spending, either. Sometimes job satisfaction results from meeting daily challenges head on, or simply trying and learning new things. Jobs that are not satisfying beyond pay day will leave people who crave these more elusive factors feeling empty. Though money can help you buy things in your free time, you won’t be able to enjoy those things without any free time. A career with a punishing schedule certainly won’t allow you the time for many of the experiences outside of the office that constitute a fulfilling life.People often make the job.If you thrive on collaborative environments, client-based work, or sales teams, then a job that lacks human interaction can leave you feeling isolated no matter how much it pays. Interacting with other humans is one of those crucial things that help us to feel human, though some people require this more than others.You have to do what suits you.Similarly, if you’re a traditional person, you won’t be happy in a well paying gig that thrives on innovation and busting up the status quo. If you’re into science, tech, or data- hard facts and numbers- you won’t do well in a creative gig. If you require the freedom to be creative, you should not languish in a job that requires stifling your most genius ideas.You might thrive on doing good, not making more.If you’re an altruistic sort who really needs to make a positive difference in the world, you’d probably hate a high-power, high-paying job that doesn’t serve anything but a few corporate interests and your bank account. A job that allows you to make the world a better place will be infinitely more fulfilling than one that simply earns you a higher salary.Oversatisfaction isn’t all that great.If you deny yourself nothing and give yourself all the best of everything all the time- the best food, the finest clothes, the biggest house, the nicest travel perks, the fanciest car- then you’ll lose touch with the simpler pleasures in life. Stuff, especially nice stuff, can be a powerful addiction. But it won’t necessarily make your life a happier one. Being realistic about what is really valuable to you will help you choose the career that best suits you.Constant chasing isn’t fun.On a similar note, if your days are just spent trying to make more to be able to afford this or that,  chances are you will feel empty in the long run. Ask yourself this tough question: When will you be done and able to sit back and enjoy the fruits of your labor? If the answer is something close to â€Å"never,† it might be time to consider a career change, even if you haven’t reached your goal yet. After all, pie-in-the-sky goals will never improve your life if you are miserable during the long process of fulfilling them. Be happy now in a care er that truly satisfies you.

Thomas Cook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas Cook - Essay Example These come because of a number of reasons including the failure of a leader to accomplish his/her missions within the period he/she expected (Casserly 2013). For example, Harriet Green had expected to revive Thomas Cook within a short time and move to another organisation with similar problems (Wadlow 2014). However, despite the various achievements and success in rescuing the company from collapse, the company was still experiencing problems after two years of her service. In addition, frustrations may also emerge when a leader faces new problems than those he/she expected before joining the organisation (Andersen 2012). Most probably, the rapid changes in the nature operations of the travel industry posed problems that were beyond Green’s experience leading to frustrations. Under these conditions, a leader may decide to pave the way for another person with the characteristics required to deal with the situation. The stock exchange worth of Thomas Cook was slightly below  £2 billion throughout Harriet inexperienced time of departure compared to  £148 million once she rose to power in July 2012 (Press Association 2014). The success of Peter Fankhauser can show from his ability to additional maintain and increase the stock worth by a lot of or similar quantity among a shorter or equal length as inexperienced. Green’s quest for continued success to succeeding section of the companys development is additionally a transparent challenge to the new leader as his success and failure within the next year can base on his ability to make and maintain a powerful team. Thomas shares slided by the maximum amount as two hundredth after Ms Greens declaration and a corporate notice that growth within the current year can moderate because of harder mercantilism conditions that have notably influenced European markets (Wadlow 2014). The success and failure of Peter Fankhauser within the next year can show from his ability to

A Comment On A Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Comment On A Commitment - Essay Example A Comment On A Commitment With such extensive environmental conservation programs, the college’s president must therefore take part in the forthcoming climate commitment. Diablo Valley College will sign the commitment owing to the environmental management skills the college is likely to acquire from such as discussed in the essay below. Participating in the commitment will help position the college as an integral member of the society joining in the fight to eradicate environmental pollution thereby making the environment safer and better. At such conferences, delegates learn newer and better ways of eradicating environmental degradation besides the presentation of the projects the colleges undertake in eliminating such. The commitments present an effective opportunity for the students’ president to present the college’s green projects all of which have sought to improve the sustainability of the environment (Schlossberg 121). Global warming is a topic of global concern. The emission of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere has contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer, which is a layer of oxygen molecules that cushion the earth from the harsh rays of the sun. The depletion of the layer leaves the earth surface vulnerable to increased temperatures among other undesirable diseases as harsh rays of the sun penetrate the atmosphere. Effects of global warming include climatic change and the rising water levels as the glaciers continue to melt. Such natural phenomenon has diverse effects ranging from unique skin diseases to the rising incidences of typhoons among other natural calamities. The depletion of the ozone layer threatens both the stability of the earth and the life in the planet. It thus becomes a prerogative of the citizens to curb the emission of such harmful gases by engaging in responsive activities. Among the contributors of the gases is the use of fossil fuels such as petroleum products in propelling cars among other machines. At such environmental commitments, the leaders discuss the efforts by both the students’ fraternity and the government in order to limit the emission of such gases (Reza 31). As policy makers, stude nt leaders are influential members of the society responsible for the activities and behavior of the students while at the colleges. The leaders therefore act as the bridge between the students and the leadership of the universities. As such, their participation in the environmental commitment is paramount, as it will facilitate the spread of the message to the students thus improving their appreciation of the various projects at the universities and colleges. The Diablo Valley College just as any other institution of higher learning has hundreds of students all of who require transportation and use various substances in the society that may equally contribute to the emission of the toxic gases. They therefore require appropriate knowledge on environmental management in order to improve the desirable environmental practices. To achieve such, the college has undertaken various projects that promise such effective and desirable environmental practices (Karen and Ricardo 55). By partic ipating in the forthcoming commitment, the students, leadership will learn newer and better management practices in order to improve the success of such projects. The success of the said projects relies on the students’

Strengths and Weaknesses of Bureaucracy

Strengths and Weaknesses of Bureaucracy The advent of 21st century, the global economy has dramatically undergone changes. Developed and emerging economies are converging to one gigantic global economy; this has directly impacted the businesses compelling organisations around the world to competitive at the international level. The protection shield enjoyed by the organisations behind a closed economy earlier under the cloak of the government restricting entry for foreign players are getting slimmer each year. Consequently, organisations have to compete in their home country against MNC with vast resources, and search for opportunities elsewhere. However, there are numerous other factors which have influenced organisation world wide to reconsider their strategies in the wake of the changing global business dynamics. Free trade area agreements, creation of trading blocs such as the European Union, South East Asian countries (ASEAN) and other similar existing and ones which are still under consideration have immensely pressurized companies, and exposed them to the competition. The competitive and comparative advantages enjoyed by these organisations earlier are now threatened by the new foreign entrants. As a result to survive and grow in the 21st century most organisations either adapted or withered away to the changing conditions. The ones which survived the strong wave of forced adaption have learned their lessons that change is a constant factor in the global business environment, and being reflexive and adaptive is the only way out. Technological innovation is another aspect that has influenced change in the organisation. Technology is evolving at a rapid pace warranting organisation to absorb the changes at the same speed. Other influential factors : Intensity of international competition; presence of key competitors in all key international markets; internationalization of product standards; stronger push by international bodies such as the world Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF) increasing level of international trade between countries ; increase in Intra-firm trade ; Technological intensity. At the organizational level, there is continuous pressure to perform in the new business economy; factors such as availability of scarce resources, Value Added Activities, presences of Propriety Technologies, Management Skills , Marketing Skills, creation of strong brand equities, Production know-how , achieving economies of scale , productive capability and presence of low labour costs centres( India , Chain and etc.) and many others. 1.b Strengths and Weaknesses of bureaucratic organizations: BUREAUCRATIC organizations functions well and are suitable for environments which are stable in nature and involve routine tasks and minimal technological changes. A Bureaucratic organisational structure is often centralized; they have a clear, well defined vertical hierarchy of command, authority and chain of control. Productivity and efficiency are achieved through standardization of processes. Emphasis is given to specialization of processes and is most often formalized. As a result of these factors, the tasks in a bureaucratic organisation often results in rigidly defined jobs, process , applications of technology leaving very less or often no space for creativeness or innovative inputs into the system. Since every tasks, process are predetermined and predictable by strict standard operating procedures, the system resemble a machine (Max weber, 1978, cited in Beetham, 1996). According to Max Weber (1978), Strengths and Weakness of a bureaucratic organisation are as follows: Strengths Strict rules and regulation regarding work , behaviour and employee code of conduct Impersonal orientation specific sphere of competence Continuity in uniformity of operations Less impact of any changes to the organizational structure or management Rational allocation of tasks Division of labor based on various specialized functions Membership constitutes a career Promotions are usually based on experience and technical knowledge and competence qualifications tested limited discretion of officers legally based tenure Educational and technical qualifies are tested periodically Prescribed chain of authority and legal compliances Weaknesses Very less or often no space for creativeness or innovative inputs into the system Highly rigid decision making system. Participation is based on defined authority There is a severe lack of empathy or rationality. The origination is highly regulated by set rules and regulations. Productivity and efficiency are achieved through standardization of processes Rigidly defined jobs, process , applications of technology Slow reaction to unexpected crisis Bureaucratic organizational step up is not suitable for industry or companies which are under great pressure to perform and compete in the market. Neglecting group thinking and initiatives 1. c Alternative forms of organizational development: Organisation development is a planned intervention. The primary intention of OD is to improve the current organisational functions to create a strong foundation for strengthens; work towards reducing weakness ; address threats arising due to various factors influencing the business internally or externally; to mitigate risk or at least reduce the exposure or damage, and all these ultimately results to reflect the changing business environment. There are multitudes of intervening areas within the organisation warranting intervention on regular bases, and also at times of contingencies or unexpected crisis. Organisation intending for a higher level of changes often adopt a full range of interventions. This would also include aspects such as the transformation of employee behaviour and attitudes to towards their roles responsibilities and in general, towards the organisational boarder objectives. On the other hand, partial attempt in change management would result in organisational le vel failures. Subsequently, operating policies, personal policies, management structures and organisational skills sets would fall short of it expectations. Typically, organization development programs will implement multiple interventions simultaneously. There are various methods / types of organization development interventions considered for change management: structural interventions, third party peace-making interventions, Intergroup team building interventions, process consultation interventions, forced field analysis Kurt Lewin, Team interventions, and process consultation interventions. Structural Interventions: It is also known as techno structural interventions and mainly focuses on changes in tasks, organisational structure, technological processes, quality circles, TQM, restructuring and work/job design. Intergroup team building interventions: These interventions advocate in the improvement of intergroup relations between work teams, facilitate effective communication. The steps involved are: OD practitioner meets the group leaders and study their requirements. Groups meet separately and encourage noting down about perceptions, related problems, attitude towards each other. This also involves group anticipating each others expectations. This process helps in improving interaction between individuals and groups; find solution to unresolved problems; and minimize the communication gap. Team Building interventions: These interventions are focused on improving team organizational processes, Task accomplishment, Problem diagnosis and establishing strong team relationships. The process involves analysing the purpose of teams existence, objectives and team preparation for task accomplishment. Human Resources management interventions: involves employee performance and assessment management, employee wellness and reward systems, organisational diversity management and many others. Third party peace-making Interventions: various methods and techniques are used , such as the confrontation technique, Insist on exploring possible solutions, Efforts to overcome negative feeling, solving interpersonal conflict Differentiation phase understand differences of perspectives , Integration phase sharing of positive feelings and thoughts. Other intervention areas are team building, self-designing organizations, facilitating, organizational restructuring, conflict management, training, coaching, and organizational transformation, cultural change and strategic management. Key Stakeholders in My Chosen Organisation My chosen organisation for Change Management Process is a local grocery supermarket located in Bangalore, India. It was founded in the year 2001. Initially the retail store supplied only stationery and foods items; however, over the years, more products were added to their portfolio. Today, the retail store known as Naveen Supermarket has range of products such as house hold goods, food items, electronic items among other products commonly found in general grocery stores. Naveen Supermarket has about 20 to 25 employee working in different shifts around the clock. The employees are divided into three main sections, the first group manages the supermarket floor, the second group is engaged with the stock management, and the third group manages telephone orders and delivery system. The supermarket store is situated in a convenient location, surrounded by huge residential complex, transportation points and also major educational and business institutions. Since its inception as a small retail store in 2001, it has now grown into a busy 24 / 7 store serving over 5000 customers every week. From the last few years, world economy has seen a dramatic change in its location. While Naveen supermarket experienced exponential growth, it also faces increasing competition from new entrants especially, large supermarkets, transforming the market into highly competitive business. The usual old ways of attracting and retaining customers have been found ineffective, and consequently, the supermarket is seriously planning to have a major overhaul in the organisational structure, and also business functions to reflect the changing conditions in the market. Change in demographic profile of the surrounding population has also mandated changes including the product portfolio to accommodate multi-cultural food products, different age group especially increasing student and higher working class population. Apart from this, the management of the supermarket is also envisioning of opening similar stores in other locations in Bangalore. Bangalore is known as the second silicon valley of the world, and emerging as one of the major metropolitan city in India, consequently, today the city has adapted a culture similar to other major cities around world attributed by fast moving busy life style. Opportunity A study done by Davies (2001), point out that food customers in UK are not interested to cook food in their kitchen. The quote of Davies stated: Food manufactures should address the need of this fast moving, time starved generation. This can be done by making branded and own label products that fits the changing lifestyle of new era family. Speed is required while preparing food as there is no time to cook. Healthy and convenient food is in demand. The similar trend is rising in India as well. So Naveen Supermarket has the tremendous opportunities to expand their chain across India. Analysis of the type of Change Company is initiating The organization is going to have recent development of the operational change consists of the operational modifications will change the techniques of on-going operations of the company, like the automation of the various operational processes. The operational changes would help Naveen supermarket in improvement in supply chain management practices, increase in revenue, improvement in quality of service and products by applying Total quality management and Kaizen systems for continuous improvements. The main aim of implementing to have cost-cut in long run and achieve competitive edge in the higher competitive market conditions. The change proposed for the automation of transaction and operational activity will also lead to quick decision making and helps in the analysis of current situation. Now, these four different types of changes as per consultant David A. Nadler and management professor Michael L. Tushman together developed an instructive topology of organization change as shown in the diagram shown below. (Kreitner, 2007) Four types of organization change topology Incremental Strategic Anticipatory Tuning Re-orientation Reactive Adaption Re-Creation Based on this model shown in above table, the company is doing Re-creational change. The change is reactive in the sense the company is growing and wants to optimize the operational activities by taking advantage of automation and changing strategic vision of company. Changes Appropriate for Naveen supermarket. 1. Provide quality in its product and services focusing on improve personalized dispositions; improve the order placing and delivery mechanism including online platform. 2. Aggressively market by introducing various promotional offer to match other competitors especially MNC. 3. Control operating costs thereby saving could be too transferred to the customer as increased services or price reduction, and thus building a strong competitive advantage over the time. 4. Recruit professionals in the field retail management, so as represent a fair mix of talents in the organisation representing wide background. 2. B Analysis of models for stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement models and its analysis/application: Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder Analysis and Stakeholder Management are the important aspects of Change Management Process to garner support for change in the organization. This technique can be used to identify the key areas of change, and affected persons in the implementation of the change. Stakeholders are an important asset to the organisation, and therefore its imperative to consult the stakeholder prior to the implementation of change to achieve the desired outcome. Disagreement or partial commitment would jeopardize the entire undertaking, eventually, resulting in unwanted conflicts and disagreement. The stakeholder analysis tool would assist Naveen Supermarket to comprehend and gain an early support from the stakeholders especially the influential ones. This requires that the management educate the stakeholder on the transpiring conditions that the business is surrounded with, which lead to the decision of undertaking change management in the organisation. The stakeholders should clearly be exp lained about the consequences of both options considering and not considering change in the short and long run. Winning the support of the influential stakeholders, and eventually others is the key to the successful implementation of change. The key stakeholders of Naveen Supermarket are: Management Staff Customers Suppliers Investors Government Municipal corporation Community (General Public) The following questions can provide an understating about the key stakeholders thoughts: What is expectation in terms of monetary or emotional? Optimistic or destructive? What is the key inspirational aspect of the project to them? What facts are they looking for? What is the most effective way to communicate the message to them? What steps are required in the management of their objections and opposition? Creating a platform for effective communication with the stakeholders would yield their exact thoughts and feelings of the project, and would enable how much of the support it can gather eventually. In case of objections, what step needs to be taken to turn around the objections into constructive support need to consider? This process can start with establishing an effective communication system, tailoring the information or message to suit the end receivers. Organise training programs, consult and include the stakeholders according to the proportion of their interests in the new development. Stakeholder mapping is a powerful tool allows a quickly analysis of the stakeholders impact, and how to improve the support system. (SVQ, 2007). Stakeholders mapping Stakeholder mapping matrix (MayersVermeulen, 2003) A- Key Players Management Employees Suppliers B- Keep Satisfied Government Local councils C- Keep Informed Customers Investor D- Minimal Effort Community High Interest Low H I GH Power L O W High power, highly interested Stakeholders: These key players should be actively engaged in the project and more efforts should be put to satisfy their curiosity and requirements in the project. High power, less interested Stakeholders: Keep them interested however avoid over indulgence. Low power, highly interested Stakeholders: These players should be kept informed regularly about the developments of the project. Though they constitute low in the power play matrix, their collective number or size has immense influence on the project. Low power, less interested Stakeholders: They dont have direct impact; however, they form the part of the entire system and therefore would require their inclusion in a constructive manner. Task 3: 3A Change models appropriate for my chosen organisation. CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODELS There are many models of change management such as Learning organization approach (LOA), Hope and Hope theory of competition in the third wave, the Kaizen approach to improve the quality of service, Business process re-engineering (BPR), de-layering, downsizing etc. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) BPR is one of the important steps prior to the implementation of ERP in an organisation. Basically BPR is the fundamental reconsideration of the organisational processes and involves radical thinking. It helps the organisational to improve various business operations dramatically so as to achieve excellence in customer services, reduce operating costs, and transform itself into a global competitor. BPR according to Hammer and Champy (1993), the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. The greatest approach to implement change is to understand that change is the only constant in the dynamic business environment and embracing it is the key to survival and future growth. BPR is a methodical training process to enable companies to conduct feasibility evaluation for managing vibrant change. (Erpwire, 2010) John Kotters 8 step change model Kotter (2002) describes a methodical process to change management. Kotter suggests that for change to be successful, at least 3 /4 of the companys management need to embrace the change factor positively. The Kotters 8 step change model illustrated with a diagram in the context the supermarket.Identify short priorities and set achievable objectives Focus on accomplished and future milestones. Strengthen the importance of fruitful change via employment, promotion, and intertwine change into the organisational culture. Construct the regulatory team Repeatedly and robustly with the stakeholders Establish a simple vision and strategy within the team. Inspire people to move Allow positive feedback and tons of backing from leaders reward and recognize improvement and accomplishments. 8. Make change stick 7. Build on the change 6. Create the short-term wins 3. Create visualization for change 2. Construct the regulatory team 1. Increase urgency 4. Communicate the Vision 5. Remove Obstacles Kotters 8 step change model Kotters 8 step Change model, Source: www.Leadershiphub.com 3.b Implementation of change model in my chosen organisation In my opinion, Kotters model would the purpose of implementing the change management to achieve desirable results for Naveen Supermarket. According the model followings steps need to be undertaken: Create the sense of Urgency Step One Sense of urgency should be created among the stakeholders especially ones with most influence on the Naveen supermarkets business. This would include the shareholders primarily, employees, customer and other as deemed fit into the system for the change management. Form a Powerful Coalition Step Two Naveen supermarket must create effective leadership platform to implement and monitor change in the organisation. This requires coalition and support with key employees who can initiate and control and monitor the change process through its life. Create a Vision for Change Step Three To get employee and other stakeholders participating actively, Naveen supermarket should have clear and transparent, comprehendible vision about the change and its implications. Otherwise the enthusiasm would fade slowly from the epicentre of the core activities of the change management as it moves away and as time pass by. This would require that the leader regularly reinstate the vision to the employee to keep them altered of its progress and active involvement. Communicate the Vision Step Four Naveen supermarket should communicate the vision to the participants effectively through various channels such as media, training programs, organisational announcements. The more the emphasis on the key points in the vision the better the influence of it on the stakeholders. The vision should be comprehensive, cover every operations of the business that need change, influence and motivate the employee to be part of the change management. Remove Obstacles Step Five There are likely chances of obstacles crippling into the implementation process very often. However, the organisation should remained focused on the key action plans, closely monitor, get regular feedback and undertake any necessary actions required to adjust to the changing factors of the environment. Obstacles can come from internal source or external. Naveen supermarket should take speedy actions to restore the plan on its due course of execution. Obstacles that can be removed should be eliminated, others which tend to remain and deeply rooted must be accommodated without actually diluting the vision or jeopardizing the actions plans. Create Short-term Wins Step Six The Naveen Supermarket store must identify tasks, which can be accomplished easily. The results achieved would encourage further involvement and motivate others to join the effort whole- heartedly. Proper compensation and reward system should be built in the change management process. Employee who contributed considerably should be recognized and rewarded accordingly, thereby, setting an example of the personal benefits from its involvement. Short term achievement should be communicated effectively to the stakeholders to keep them interested. Build on the Change Step Seven This is one of the important steps. Naveen supermarket should build on the change, evaluate every winning factor and leverage on it. Failures should be identified and corrective steps need to be taken, so as to avoid similar failures in the future. Success got at this stage should not be assumed as the final victory rather, it must enable deep thinking, and serve as input to the next stage of change management after all change management is a continuous process. Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Step Eight In a long and continuous effort of change management, the process should eventually be observed into the main stream culture of the organisation. For changes to be a part and parcel of the organisational culture, the leaders should regularly alert and create awareness about the existence of the change management that is deeply rooted in every organisational activity. The perception of change management should become an inseparable part of the organisational culture in a long run; this in turn would create a platform and facilitate any major undertaking in the future. Desirable Outcomes of Change Program The change management would eventually yield desirable outcome if it is undertaken constructively and effectively throughout its various implementation phase by the Naveen supermarket management. The three key areas of noticeable changes are: Operational changes The operational changes would help Naveen supermarket to improve various business operations. The changes should result in considerable improvement in the near future in the online orders and delivery mechanism which it is planning to launch very soon, floor management, supply chain management practices, improvement in quality of service and products , employee performance, reduction in operating cost resulting in increased revenue generation. Strategic changes Changes in the areas will give clear vision and direction to all the stakeholders of Naveen Supermarket. In a long run it will create value and ethos that is conducive for achieving growth and increase performance. Cultural changes Key values and ethics in business operations created along during the process of the changes would be imbibed into the organisational culture. It would serve as motivation and sense of purpose for the employees and other stakeholders to achieve and contribute to the organisational goals. The success achieved would drive home a message that, organisation to survive and grown in the highly competitive business environment mandates change, and the stakeholder, especially, the employee are the agents and catalyst to the change management process. In a long run the process would reflect that organisational culture is based on change management philosophy for success. Conclusion The change in organization generally also brings several issues. To make the change process a success it requires a lot of effort from the change leader. The change management model chosen by company needs to be thoroughly monitored and implemented. It is also measure and controls the success of the change process. Changes often result in individuals taking on greater responsibilities, retraining, performing new tasks and developing new skills and new ways of working. Individuals are taken out of the comfort zone they have operated in for some time. The anxiety and stress that can be caused if the process is not well managed will manifest itself in resistance to change. Greater degree of consultation and worker participation, both in the development of the strategic vision and the implementation of change, should increase ownership, thus reducing anxiety and stress that often drives resistance to change. Failure in most change processes can be traced back to poor communications and f ailure to appreciate the amount of retraining that is required. To conclude, I found that the scope of change is too wide and I would suggest that company should bring changes in different phases such as first of all bring the change of automation of some operational activity and later on when this change is successful implement other change.

Does Robert Louis Stevenson explore the duality of human nature in Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

Written between 1884 and 1887, Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel, â€Å"the strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, is about a well respected physician and his ‘other self’ Mr Hyde. Dr. Jekyll is described as a typical Victorian gentleman . [PD1] Dr Jekyll wanted to develop a potion because he believed he could create a perfectly righteous human being by destroying the evil of the mind and body. When he creates this potion, it doesn’t quite go according to plan. He takes the potion for the first time, but when he goes back to normal, he turns into Mr Hyde without taking the potion. Slowly, Mr Hyde starts to take over Dr Jekyll. When Dr Jekyll turns into Mr Hyde, it changes his appearance, because of this, no one wants to approach him or talk to him. During the time when the book was written, people who looked different or who had disabilities or deformities which are widely accepted today, were not liked and were usually shut away. This is why no one liked or talked to Hyde. There is proof of this in the lines â€Å"I had taken a loathing to the man at first sight† and â€Å"gave me a look so ugly, it brought out the sweat on me like running†. Dr Jekylls idea was that everyone had two sides to them, a good side and an evil side, a side of joy and a side of despair; there is a Mr Hyde in all of us. This was not the only novel of this time that hinted at duality, there were a few of other main plays. Two examples are Deacon Broodie, and Markheim, which is a short story. In the Victorian times, most people had very high morals, and so immoral things were rarely mentioned or talked about. Also, sex is rarely talked about in the book because everyone had such high morals, and so sex is something which would not be written and so was kept away from the public eye. [PD2] Throughout the novel, figurative language is used in various forms. One of the forms used is personification. Personification is used in many ways to try to help the reader to relate to the book, characters, and objects in the book. Another way figurative language is used is in the form of â€Å"similes† by saying things like â€Å"You start a question, and it’s like starting a stone. You sit quietly on the top of a hill; and away the stone goes, starting others; and presently some bland old bird (the last you would have thought of) is knocked on the head in his own back garden and the family have to change their name. No, sir, I make it a rule of mine: the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask.†[PD3] The novel was written when the world was not very advanced medically. In the world today, we know of illnesses such as schizophrenia. It is thought that the novel was written about someone who had schizophrenia which would be treated with medication nowadays. jekyll and hyde were indeed the same person and Dr Jekyll didn’t really have â€Å"an evil side† to him, it was just because he had a split personality disorder.

Leadership - 2351 Words

Leaders impact peoples daily lives and futures. In good times and bad, there is always a need for strong leadership. According to Fesler (1960) leadership is a social process, it cannot exist without leader and followers. Leadership is results in followers’ behavior that is goal-directed in some sort of organized setting. In brief, leadership is a process by a person influences others toward the attainment of group or organizational goals. Like the words said by Keith (2003):† Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen†. The development of leadership studies has three phases: trait theory, behavior theory and contingency theory. According to Robbins Judge (2011), the†¦show more content†¦But different to Ohio studies, Michigan studies added Participative leadership to their findings,( Vroom Jago 2007) they argued that effective leadership is to build a cohesive team which works together rather than a set of individuals. Such as holding meetings to share information and making a group for decisions or problem-solving. Another difference is these two styles of leader behavior of Michigan studies were believed as single continuum, the leaders only can choose one style to implement, even both the production-oriented and the employee-oriented leadership behaviors appear to offer positives and negatives. However, even though it is not necessary to focus on both people and production at same time, but it was concluded that the leaders who show a propensity to act in one dimension might have and edge. (Ratzburg 2011) Unlike the Michigan Studies, these two dimensions of Ohio studies were not viewed as opposite ends of a continuum, but as independent variables. Thus the leader can implement both initiating structure and consideration at the same time and exhibit a great diversity of degrees. The leader behavior approach was assumptive that there were certain behaviors that would be universally effective for leaders. Unfortunately, empirical research has notShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership Of Leadership And Leadership842 Words   |  4 Pagesideals of leadership, I met with two respected and admired school leaders: the Assistant Principal/Dean of Curriculum, and the Athletic Director. I chose these two school leaders because I wanted to gain an understanding of leadership from two diverse perspectives. I am thankful for the opportunity to hear from two different types of leaders, who ultimately share a lot of the same visions for my school and for leadership in general. 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The Books Lord Of Flies By William Golding And 1984 By

The books Lord of Flies by William Golding and 1984 by George Orwell are two very different stories. One one is about a man living in a totalitarian state, and the other is about schoolboys who are unsupervised on an island. Despite their difference in setting, references, and audience, they both have an antagonist facing an ongoing battle and ends up losing. Both authors also used a drastic change in character to illustrate the symbol of power in their respective novel. Extreme dictatorship, rebellion, and conformity are the words that come to mind when thinking about the novel 1984 by George Orwell. The main character, Winston Smith, lives in the nation of Oceania, an utopian society that is constantly being scrutinized by the Party.†¦show more content†¦It took a turn when Mr. Charrington, the owner of the place where Smith and Julia enact their unlawful doings, happens to be a police who raids their place and has them arrested. We also find out that O’Brien was a spy for the Party and had setup Smith. After being tortured by O’Brien, Smith is released to the world where he runs into Julia, at this point Smith has lost the feelings he had for Julia. They were both changed to conform to the Party’s needs. Lord of the Flies by William Golding is the story of young boys living in a world without adults. A plane evacuating a group of young boys gets shot down over an island due to a war in Britain. Once on the island, Ral ph and Piggy, the two protagonists in the book, find a conch shell. The two boys start using this shell to assemble the rest of the boys. Once assembled the boys appoint Jack, the antagonist of the book, with the task of being the leader of the hunters group, and Ralph being the main leader. They light a signal fire which is left unmonitored and results in the forest catching on fire. During this tragic event the youngest boy went missing and was declared dead in the fire. After the devastating event occurred, the hunters, supervised by Jack, did not do their job of keeping the signal fire lit, therefore missed an opportunity to get rescued by a passing ship. This made Ralph mad at Jack, which initiated theShow MoreRelated1984 Lord of the Flies2428 Words   |  10 PagesConnor Quinn 5/17/12 Ms. Freedman Honors English III Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, and 1984, By George Orwell, both portray the power of the government and the revolts that develop, while expressing a different nature of fear. Both books have a strong government possessing power and control over all the citizens. The novels compare in expressing fear but, contrast in showing completely divergent types of fear. Each piece of literature displays jealousy and hatred towards the government whichRead More1984 And Lord Of The Flies1758 Words   |  8 Pagestheme prevalent in George Orwell’s 1984 and William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. While these two stories have dissimilar plots, they have one common theme; the destruction of the individual through manipulation. The use of fear and hunger, in both 1984 and Lord of the Flies helps each government to eliminate the individual; in turn creating a mob mentality and a future in which no individuality can survive. In George Orwell’s 1984 and William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, the manipulation of human needsRead MoreThe Role Of Power In 19841889 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernment, leaders, societal hierarchies and civilisation. It is an inseparable part of human nature, which is reflected in pop culture and literature. In an excerpt from 1984 by George Orwell, the theme of power and the abuse of power is privileged, and the allocation of the power in that society is discussed. Lord of the Flies, contrarily, depicts a scenario in which the individual has complete power, and constraints of authority and civilisation are removed. In the trailer, the composer uses filmRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 3871 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck me